“…Although various measurement tools have been developed to measure self-determination skills in the field of intellectual disabilities, only the Arc's Self-Determination Scale, developed by Wehmeyer & Kelchner (1995), and the AIR, (Wolman et al, 1994), which is the measurement tool of American Research Institute, were designed to measure self-determination globally. The AIR Self-Determination Scale had previously been translated into Spanish (Mumbardó, Guàrdia Olmos, & Giné, 2018), Norwegian (Garrels, & Granlund, 2018), and Chinese (Wong, et al, 2017). However, there is not enough research on the appropriateness and application of self-determination skills to students with different linguistic and cultural backgrounds.…”