Psychometric properties of the apathy evaluation scale in patients with Parkinson's disease

Lueken, Ulrike; Evens, Ricarda; Balzer‐Geldsetzer, Monika; Baudrexel, Simon; Dodel, Richard; Gräber-Sultan, Susanne; Hilker-Roggendorf, Rüdiger; Kalbe, Elke; Kaut, Oliver; Mollenhauer, Brit; Reetz, Kathrin; Schäffer, Eva; Schmidt, Nele; Schulz, Jörg B.; Spottke, Annika; Witt, Karsten; Linse, Katharina; Storch, Alexander; Riedel, Oliver

doi:10.1002/mpr.1564

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Apathy was measured with the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES; Marin et al, 1991). The AES is an 18-item self-report questionnaire with cognitive, behavioral, and emotional dimensions and has been demonstrated as valid and reliable (Raimo et al, 2014;Lueken et al, 2017). Responses on both scales were coded so that higher scores indicated higher levels of apathy or anhedonia, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apathy and Anhedonia in Adult and Adolescent Cannabis Users and Controls Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown

Skumlien

Langley

Lawn

et al. 2021

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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Background COVID-19 lockdown measures have caused severe disruptions to work and education, and prevented people from engaging in many rewarding activities. Cannabis users may be especially vulnerable, having been previously shown to have higher levels of apathy and anhedonia than non-users. Methods In this survey study, we measured apathy and anhedonia before and after lockdown measures were implemented, in n=256 adult and n=200 adolescent cannabis users, and n=170 adult and n=172 adolescent controls. Scores on the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) were investigated with mixed measures Analyses of Covariance, with factors User-Group, Age-Group, and Time, controlling for depression, anxiety, and other drug use. Results Adolescent cannabis users had significantly higher SHAPS scores before lockdown, indicative of greater anhedonia, compared to adolescent controls (p=.03, ηp 2=.013). Contrastingly, adult users had significantly lower scores on both the SHAPS (p<.001, ηp 2=.030) and AES (p<.001, ηp 2=.048) after lockdown, compared to adult controls. Scores on both scales increased during lockdown across groups, and this increase was significantly smaller for cannabis users (AES p=.001, ηp 2=.014; SHAPS p=.01, ηp 2=.008). Exploratory analyses revealed that dependent cannabis users had significantly higher scores overall (AES p<.001, ηp 2=.037; SHAPS p<.001, ηp 2=.029), and a larger increase in scores (AES p=.04, ηp 2 .010; SHAPS p=.04, ηp 2=.010), compared to non-dependent users. Conclusions Our results suggest that adolescents and adults have differential associations between cannabis use, and apathy and anhedonia. Within users, dependence may be associated with higher levels of apathy and anhedonia regardless of age, and a greater increase in levels during the COVID-19 lockdown.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apathy and Anhedonia in Adult and Adolescent Cannabis Users and Controls Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown

Skumlien

Langley

Lawn

et al. 2021

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…The AES is an 18-item questionnaire and is one of the most widely used and validated questionnaires assessing apathy (Clarke et al, 2007; Lueken et al, 2017; Marin, 1991; Raimo et al, 2014; Umucu et al, 2019). Items are designed to measure behavioral, cognitive, and emotional apathy symptoms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Apathy in Spontaneous Verbal and Nonverbal Behaviors: A Transdiagnostic Pilot Study in Neurodegeneration

Horne

Ceslis

Mosley

et al. 2023

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology

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Background: Apathy, characterized by a quantifiable reduction in motivation or goal-directed behavior, is a multidimensional syndrome that has been observed across many neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: To develop a novel task measuring spontaneous action initiation (ie, a nonverbal equivalent to spontaneous speech tasks) and to investigate the association between apathy and executive functions such as the voluntary initiation of speech and actions and energization (ie, ability to initiate and sustain a response). Method: We compared the energization and executive functioning performance of 10 individuals with neurodegenerative disease and clinically significant apathy with that of age-matched healthy controls (HC). We also investigated the association between self-reported scores on the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) and performance on energization tasks. Results: The individuals with apathy made significantly fewer task-related actions than the HC on the novel spontaneous action task, and their scores on the AES were negatively correlated with spontaneous task-related actions, providing preliminary evidence for the task’s construct validity. In addition, the individuals with apathy performed more poorly than the HC on all of the energization tasks, regardless of task type or stimulus modality, suggesting difficulty in sustaining voluntary responding over time. Most of the tasks also correlated negatively with the AES score. However, the individuals with apathy also performed more poorly on some of the executive function tasks, particularly those involving self-monitoring. Conclusion: Our work presents a novel experimental task for measuring spontaneous action initiation—a key symptom of apathy—and suggests a possible contribution of apathy to neuropsychological deficits such as poor energization.

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“…Questionnaire measures -Anhedonia was assessed with the SHAPS (Snaith et al, 1995) and apathy was assessed with the AES (Marin et al, 1991). Both measures have been demonstrated as reliable and valid both in adults (Franken et al, 2007;Raimo et al, 2014;Lueken et al, 2017) and adolescents (Leventhal et al, 2015;Pacheco-Colón et al, 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anhedonia, Apathy, Pleasure, and Effort-Based Decision-Making in Adult and Adolescent Cannabis Users and Controls

Skumlien

Mokrysz

Freeman

et al. 2022

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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Background Cannabis use may be linked with anhedonia and apathy. However, previous studies have shown mixed results and few have examined the association between cannabis use and specific reward sub-processes. Adolescents may be more vulnerable to harmful effects of cannabis than adults. This study investigated (1) the association between non-acute cannabis use and apathy, anhedonia, pleasure, and effort-based decision-making for reward, and (2) whether these relationships were moderated by age-group. Methods We used data from the ‘CannTeen’ study. Participants were 274 adult (26-29 years) and adolescent (16-17 years) cannabis users (1-7 days/week use in the past three months), and gender- and age-matched controls. Anhedonia was measured with the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (n=274), and apathy was measured with the Apathy Evaluation Scale (n=215). Effort-based decision-making for reward was measured with the Physical Effort task (n=139), and subjective wanting and liking of rewards was measured with the novel Real Reward Pleasure task (n=137). Results Controls had higher levels of anhedonia than cannabis users (F1,258=5.35, p=.02, ηp2=.02). There were no other significant effects of User-Group and no significant User-Group*Age-Group interactions. Null findings were supported by post hoc Bayesian analyses. Conclusion Our results suggest that cannabis use at a frequency of three to four days per week is not associated with apathy, effort-based decision-making for reward, reward wanting, or reward liking in adults or adolescents. Cannabis users had lower anhedonia than controls, albeit at a small effect size. These findings are not consistent with the hypothesis that non-acute cannabis use is associated with amotivation.

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Psychometric properties of the apathy evaluation scale in patients with Parkinson's disease

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Apathy and Anhedonia in Adult and Adolescent Cannabis Users and Controls Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown

Apathy and Anhedonia in Adult and Adolescent Cannabis Users and Controls Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown

The Role of Apathy in Spontaneous Verbal and Nonverbal Behaviors: A Transdiagnostic Pilot Study in Neurodegeneration

Anhedonia, Apathy, Pleasure, and Effort-Based Decision-Making in Adult and Adolescent Cannabis Users and Controls

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