Psychometric properties of the children’s emotion management scales within a psychiatric sample.

Abstract

The Children’s Emotion Management Scales (CEMS) are widely used measures of children’s emotion regulation strategies in response to three specific emotions: sadness, anger, and worry. Original factor analyses suggested a three-factor subscale structure for each emotion: inhibition, dysregulation, and coping (Zeman et al., 2001, 2002, 2010). However, this factor structure had not been reexamined since it was originally developed, including within a racially diverse psychiatric sample. The present study attempted to address this gap for the Anger Management Scale and Sadness Management Scale separately, as well as testing the overarching structure of these two in combination. Participants included 302 children (ages 8–12; 70.4% boys; 55.72% African American; 39.3% White) from inpatient and outpatient centers and their primary caregivers. The three-factor structure replicated well with the Anger Management Scale and Sadness Management Scale separately in our sample. A bifactor model that included both higher order emotion factors (i.e., Anger and Sadness) and higher order strategy factors (i.e., Coping, Dysregulation, and Inhibition) best represented the overarching structure of the CEMS. Results from latent correlations and structural regressions showed that some of these factors were related to child-reported depressive symptoms and parent-reported disruptive behaviors, supporting the validity of the bifactor model conceptualization of scores on the CEMS.

Developmental trajectories of anger and sadness dysregulation in childhood differentially predict later borderline symptoms

“…The CEMS-A and CEMS-S have been shown to be related to other measures of emotion regulation (Zeman et al, 2001) and symptoms of psychopathology (Zeman et al, 2002). Recent work confirms the original three-factor structure (coping, dysregulation, and inhibition) in a diverse, psychiatric sample (Ogbaselase et al, 2022). The dysregulation and inhibition subscales, which assess use of maladaptive coping skills, as well as the coping subscale, which assesses use of adaptive coping skills, were all considered separately.…”

The effects of HeartMath Heart Lock‐In on elementary students' HRV and self‐reported emotion regulation skills

“…Future studies could look to assess the impact of HeartMath practices on validated measures of ER skills in children. For example, including measures such as the Social‐Emotional Learning Scale (Evergreen & Coryn, 2012) or the Child Emotion Management Scales (e.g., Zeman et al, 2001, 2010; Ogbaselease et al, 2022) may be of value to further establish the impact of HeartMath on social‐emotional learning and ER skills. Another scale that might be of value within this line of research is the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003) which is one of the most widely utilized measures of ER.…”

Reliability and validity estimation of Urdu version of Children Emotion Management Scales (CEMS) in Pakistan

“…CEMS was translated and validated into the Urdu language in the current study; this will enable practitioners from diverse backgrounds to use this set of scales to better gauge children's psychopathological tendencies. Knowing about the emotional management prowess of children is important for teachers, social workers, psychiatrists, and psychologists working with children in order to make better management and treatment plans for the young ones as their sadness, anger, and worry levels are very important when making such plans ( 38 ).…”

“…Ha and Jue ( 37 ) have developed a Korean version of the anger and sadness scales of CEMS. Ogbaselase ( 38 ) established the psychometric properties of CEMS on the psychiatric sample.…”