Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the 10-Item Ruminative Response Scale Among Undergraduates and Depressive Patients

Abstract

Objective: Rumination is considered as a key process in the mechanism of depression. Assessing rumination is important for both research and clinical practice. The Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) is a widely-used instrument to measure rumination. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese 10-item Ruminative Response Scale (RRS-10) in a large sample of Chinese undergraduates and depressive patients.Methods: A total of 1,773 university students and 286 clinical patients with major depressive disorder finished the Chinese version of the RRS10, State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to examine the two-factor structure (reflection and brooding) of the RRS-10. The correlations among RRS-10, STAI, and BDI were explored in two samples. In addition, the measurement invariance of the RRS-10 across gender, time, and groups with and without depressive symptoms were further investigated. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also evaluated.Results: Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed that the two-factor structure of RRS-10 fitted reasonably both in undergraduates (CFI = 0.933, TLI = 0.905, RMSEA = 0.071, SRMR = 0.035) and depressive patients (CFI = 0.941, TLI = 0.910, RMSEA = 0.077, SRMR = 0.057). The results of the multi-group confirmatory factor analysis supported the full strict invariance across genders and across groups (undergraduates and depressive patients). The full strong invariance over time was also supported by MGCFA. Besides, the RRS-10 showed acceptable internal consistency and good stability.Conclusions: The RRS-10 has good reliability and validity in different samples and over time, which demonstrated that RRS-10 is a valid measurement instrument to assess rumination.

Intrinsic Network Changes in Bilateral Tinnitus Patients with Cognitive Impairment: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study

“…While the S-AI examines state anxiety depending on specific circumstances, the T-AI measures trait anxiety and anxious tendencies regardless of situation. For the S-AI and T-AI, scores ≤ 52 and ≤54 are seen to reflect normal anxious tendencies, respectively [ 33 ].…”

Moderating effects of brooding on the link between functional impairment and interpersonal needs in survivors of serious trauma

“…Responses are summed to create a total score with higher values indicating more frequent brooding. Existing research provides strong support for the reliability and factorial validity of RRS‐B scores across diverse clinical, community, and undergraduate samples (He et al, 2021; Schoofs et al, 2010; Thanoi & Klainin‐Yobas, 2015; Treynor et al, 2003). Internal consistency for this sample was excellent ( α = 0.84).…”

Cognitive-Emotional Benefits of Weekly Exposure to Nature: A Taiwanese Study on Young Adults

“…It had been employed in a study involving cognitive measures of the impact of nature viewing [75]. Studies have demonstrated the ability of the scale to capture within-person variation in depressive brooding [76] and real changes in rumination over a two-month period [77]. The present study employed the translated and validated 13-item symptom-based rumination subscale, with high concurrent validity with Beck Depression Inventory (r = 0.79, p < 0.001) in the Taiwanese population [78].…”