Psychometric properties of the French Canadian version of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory

Abstract

The results support the use of both the GAI-FC and the GAI-FC-SF. The GAI-FC-SF seems to be an interesting alternative to the GAI-FC as a screening tool when time available for assessment is limited.

Validity and reliability of a shorter version of the Geriatric Depression Scale in institutionalized older Portuguese adults

“…With regard to convergent validity, GDS-8 correlates strongly (according to Cohen, 1988's guidelines) and significantly with GAI. Other investigations also using GDS and GAI support these findings (Champagne, Landreville, Gosselin, & Carmichael, 2016;Johnco, Knight, Tadic, & Wuthrich, 2015), although having obtained lower values with different old-adults' samples (respectively, R 2 ¼ 17.6%; R 2 ¼ 42.3%). Studies indicating that individuals with symptoms or a diagnosis of depression have low levels of positive affect and high levels of negative affect (Castro-Schilo, Fredrickson, & Mungas, 2019;Daniel et al, 2015;Steffens, Wang, Manning, & Pearlson, 2017) support the high correlation between GDS-8 and Negative affect.…”

Assessment of anxiety in older adults: a review of self-report measures

“…Internal consistency for the GAI total score was excellent (with Kuder–Richardson 20 coefficients of 0.91–0.93). 17 , 54 , 55 In addition, 0.92 was attained with Australian community-residing older women, 69 α =0.96 with a Portuguese sample of 152 community-dwelling older adults, 70 α =0.91 with Spanish community-dwelling older adults, 71 α =0.91 with a psychogeriatric sample and healthy older community-dwelling subjects, 72 α =0.83 with older French Canadian community-dwelling adults, 73 α =0.93 with older Chinese adults from the general population, 74 and α =0.93 with older Italian patients. 75 Test–retest reliability was good ( r =0.80).…”

“…Evidence for convergent validity of GAI scores has been confirmed by high correlations ( P <0.001) with anxiety measures, such as STAI-S ( r =0.80) and GAS ( r =0.70) in a geriatric psychiatry sample and Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale ( r =0.57, P <0.001) and BAI ( r =0.63, P <0.001) in a nonclinical sample; 17 STAI ( r =0.63, P <0.001) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) ( r =0.76, P <0.001) in both a clinical and nonclinical sample; 70 STAI ( ρ =0.61, P <0.001) and BAI ( ρ =0.68, P <0.001) in a nonclinical Portuguese sample; 72 STAI – state ( ρ =0.64, P <0.001), STAI – trait ( ρ =0.55, P <0.001), HADS – anxiety ( ρ =0.62, P <0.01) in a nonclinical Italian sample; 75 worry measures, such as PSWQ ( r =0.70, P <0.001), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – negative ( r =0.58, P <0.001), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – positive ( r =−0.34, P <0.001) in a clinical sample 17 and PSWQ-A ( r =0.76, P <0.001), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7 ( r =0.86, P <0.001), Intolerance of Uncertainty Inventory ( r =0.62, P <0.001), and WS Older Adults – revised (WSOA-R; r =0.53, P <0.001) in a nonclinical French sample; 73 and general measures, such as Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory ( r =0.57, P <0.001) in a sample of community-residing women 69 and GDS ( ρ =0.70, P <0.001) in a nonclinical sample. 31 , 72 …”

“…Factor analyses (both exploratory and confirmatory) have postulated the unidimensional nature of the scale in original version. 17 , 73 However, in the Portuguese version 2, distinct components were postulated, 70 whereas in the Chinese version 3 factors were postulated. 74 Also, a four-factor structure of the instrument emerged.…”

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“…54 The French-Canadian version of the GAI presents high internal consistency (α = 0.94), adequate convergent validity (r = 0.50 to 0.86 with instruments known to evaluate constructs similar to the GAI or related to anxiety), good test-retest reliability (r = 0.89), and a single-factor structure. 55 The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) 56 has also been specifically designed to evaluate the intensity of symptoms of depression in older individuals by placing less weight on somatic symptoms (such as weight loss) that often accompany aging. Each of its 30 items can be scored as 0 (symptom not present) or 1 (symptom present).…”