Psychometric properties of the Korean version of questionnaires on adherence to physical distancing and health beliefs about COVID-19 in the general population

Abstract

IntroductionWe aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the questionnaires on adherence to physical distancing and health beliefs about COVID-19 in the general population in South Korea. In addition, we investigated how the various sections interacted with each other and with viral anxiety and depression, and ultimately affected adherence to physical distancing.MethodsAn anonymous online survey was conducted among members of the general population in South Korea between 10 and 18 January 2022. We recruited 400 respondents and measured their demographic information, symptoms, and responses to questions about COVID-19. First, we examined the reliability and validity of the questionnaires, which included questions about people’s adherence to physical distancing guidelines and COVID-19-related health beliefs. Second, we examined the relationship between physical distancing and viral anxiety or depression, as assessed using the six-item Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics (SAVE-6) scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).ResultsAll 400 participants (204 men, age 41.6 ± 10.8) completed the survey. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good model fit for adherence to physical distancing (CFI = 1.000, TLI = 1.019, RMSEA = 0.000, and SRMR = 0.034) and health beliefs about COVID-19 (CFI = 0.993, TLI = 0.991, RMSEA = 0.030, and SRMR = 0.052). It also showed good reliability for Factor I (Cronbach’s α = 0.826) and Factor II (α = 0.740). Four categories of the COVID-19 health beliefs questionnaire also showed good reliability for perceived susceptibility (α = 0.870), perceived severity (α = 0.901), perceived benefit (α = 0.935), and barriers to following physical distancing (α = 0.833). Structural equation models showed that the effects of health beliefs and viral anxiety and depression were mediated mostly by personal injunctive norms. Goodness-of-fit measures indicated a good fit. (Chi-square = 24.425, df = 7, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.966; RMSEA = 0.079).ConclusionThe Korean version of the COVID-19 adherence to physical distancing and health beliefs questionnaires showed good reliability and validity in the Korean general population. In addition, the effects of health beliefs, along with viral anxiety and depression, were mainly mediated by personal injunctive norms.

Adherence to Physical Distancing and Health Beliefs About COVID-19 Among Patients With Cancer

“…Questionnaires on adherence to physical distancing were already validated in Korea among the general population 34 and healthcare workers. 35 This study showed a good fit for a two-factor model among patients with cancer.…”

“…Previous study showed a good fit for a two-factor model for questionnaire on adherence to physical distancing. 34 Factor I focuses on individual’s daily routines and maintaining physical distancing at home, while factor II emphasized the use of masks and protective measures in public spaces.…”

“… 31 32 Moreover, people are more reluctant to practice handwashing, mask-wearing, and social distancing when they believe others are not practicing these behaviors. Thus, a questionnaire on adherence to physical distancing and health beliefs about COVID-19 was developed by Gouin et al 33 The Korean version of the questionnaire was validated in the general population 34 and healthcare workers in Korea. 35 The aim of this study was, first, to examine the reliability and validity of questionnaires on adherence to physical distancing and health beliefs about COVID-19 among patients with cancer and, second, to explore how the various sections interacted with each other and with depression or viral anxiety among these patients.…”