Psychometric properties of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory: a review

Saari, Tapani; Koivisto, Anne M.; Hintsa, Taina; Hänninen, Tuomo; Hallikainen, Ilona

doi:10.31234/osf.io/n8pv3

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A Western measure may not be as sensitive when being applied in other cultures 52 . Recent reviews revealed that some cultural adaptions of the NPI may ascertain cultural sensitivity more than the others and there appears to be lacking investigation of some aspects of validity of the measure across cultures 53,54 . The presence of BPSD is multifactorial, resulting from the interacting effects of people with dementia, carers, and environmental factors 55 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and apathy symptoms across dementia stages: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Leung

Chan

Spector

et al. 2021

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

135

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Objective The present study aimed to resolve inconsistency in reported prevalence of affective symptoms by dementia stage. Methods/Design We conducted a meta‐analysis of studies with data on dementia stage and prevalence of depression, anxiety, or apathy assessed using validated tools. We performed random‐effects meta‐analysis and subgroup analysis on symptom prevalence by dementia stage, according to CDR. Results The meta‐analysis included 5897 people with dementia from 20 studies. Prevalence rates of depression in mild, moderate, and severe dementia were 38% (95% CI 32%–45%), 41% (95% CI 33%–49%), and 37% (95% CI 17%–56%) respectively. The corresponding prevalence for anxiety was 38% (95% CI 31%–45%), 41% (95% CI 31%–52%), and 37% (95% CI −8%–82%); and 54% (95% CI 45%–62%), 59% (95% CI 44%–73%), and 43% (95% CI 10%–75%) for apathy. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and apathy did not differ with regard to dementia stage and type. The prevalence of depression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) was significantly lower when it was assessed using diagnostic criteria compared to screening tools. The prevalence of depression in AD was lowest in America, while anxiety in vascular dementia was higher in Europe than Asia. Conclusions Depression, anxiety, and apathy symptoms are highly prevalent across dementia stages. There is no evidence of any changes in prevalence of affective symptom as the illness progresses. Evaluation methods and cultural difference may explain some of the variance, suggesting further investigation of factors that may influence the report of symptoms, such as carer psychosocial characteristics, and more cross‐cultural studies are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and apathy symptoms across dementia stages: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Leung

Chan

Spector

et al. 2021

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…by multiplying the severity score of 0 to 3 by the frequency score of 0 to 4 so that the values 5, 7, 10 and 11 cannot be observed. 49, 50 Using symptom-specific instruments such as the Apathy Evaluation Scale (score range 18– 71), Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (score range 29–203), and Geriatric Depression Scale (score range 0–30) may not only help to fully characterize specific NPS, but also enables the use of statisical modelling due to a larger variation in potential scores compared to the NPI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms across the Alzheimer’s disease clinical spectrum: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations

Eikelboom

Berg

Singleton

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective: To investigate the prevalence and trajectories of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in relation to cognitive functioning in a cohort of amyloid-β positive individuals across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical spectrum. Methods: We included 1,524 amyloid-β positive individuals from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort with subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n=113), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n=321), or dementia (n=1,090). We measured NPS with the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), examining total scores and the presence of specific NPI-items. Cognition was assessed across five cognitive domains and with the MMSE. We examined trajectories including model based trends for NPS and cognitive functioning over time. We used linear mixed models to relate baseline NPI scores to cognitive functioning at baseline (whole-sample) and longitudinal time-points (subsample n=520, Mean=1.8 [SD=0.7] years follow-up). Results: NPS were prevalent across all clinical AD stages (NPI total score ≥1 81.4% in SCD, 81.2% in MCI, 88.7% in dementia). Cognitive functioning showed an uniform gradual decline; while in contrast, large intra-individual heterogeneity of NPS was observed over time across all groups. At baseline, we found associations between NPS and cognition in dementia that were most pronounced for NPI total scores and MMSE (range β:-0.18—0.11, FDR-adjusted p<0.05), while there were no cross-sectional relationships in SCD and MCI (β:-0.32—0.36, FDR-adjusted p>0.05). There were no associations between baseline NPS and cognitive functioning over time in any clinical stage (β:-0.13—0.44, FDR-adjusted p>0.05). Conclusion: NPS and cognitive symptoms are both prevalent across the AD continuum, but show a different evolution during the course of the disease.

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“…Since similar symptoms can be observed after a head injury, the NPI has also been used recently for patients with TBI ( 25 ). The NPI has good test-retest and inter-rater reliability ( 26 ), and the validity of each item has proven reasonably high ( 27 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of cognitive and behavioural function during long-term inpatient rehabilitation in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: Evaluation of a retrospective case series

Kokuwa¹,

Uehara²,

Kajiura³

et al. 2021

JRM-CC

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Objective: To elucidate the characteristics of recovery progression during long-term rehabilitation after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Methods: Longitudinal changes in consciousness, swallowing disorders, activities of daily living, and psychological and behavioural status were studied in 7 patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury, using scores of the National Agency for Automotive Safety & Victim?s Aid (NASVA score), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Dysphagia Severity Scale (DSS), Eating Status Scale (ESS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Cognitive-related Behavioural Assessment (CBA), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Scores were collected every month until discharge (median 359 days after injury), or until the study end date for those patients who remained hospitalized (432 days). Results: Patients were qualitatively classified into those who improved well in the early phase, in terms of consciousness, swallowing, and activities of daily living, and those with less or delayed improvement. Psychological and behavioural difficulties appeared to remain less improved than the other functions for longer periods in many patients. Statistical comparisons that included all 7 patients revealed a significant improvement in NASVA score, GCS, DSS, and ESS, but not in FIM, CBA, and NPI at discharge/at the last measurement compared with scores at admission. Conclusion: Swallowing function is more responsive to long-term rehabilitation in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury, while neuropsychiatric and behavioural difficulties tend to persist for longer periods.

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Psychometric properties of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory: a review

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and apathy symptoms across dementia stages: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and apathy symptoms across dementia stages: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms across the Alzheimer’s disease clinical spectrum: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations

Recovery of cognitive and behavioural function during long-term inpatient rehabilitation in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: Evaluation of a retrospective case series

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