Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Teasing Questionnaire 23

Abstract

The current study was a cross-sectional research and aimed to investigate the factor structure, internal consistency, and validities of the Persian version of the Teasing Questionnaire-Revised (TQ-R). Forward and backward translations of the TQ-R were performed; face and content validities were determined based on comments by a sample of psychology students and specialists. Using the cluster sampling method, 290 participants were recruited, and 201 valid data (Mage = 23.53, SD = 3.53, 64.2% men) were analyzed. The factor structure was assessed by confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The result of the confirmatory factor analysis(es) did not confirm the proposed three, four, and five-factor models. EFA revealed four factors with 23 items, explaining 52.03% of the total variance. The internal consistency of the Persian version of Teasing Questionnaire 23 was in the excellent range (α = 0.92), and its expected associations with external correlates (e.g., depression and anxiety) supported the measure’s convergent validity. The findings indicated that the Persian version of the TQ-R has sound psychometric properties and can be used as a valid and reliable tool in research and clinical outcomes.

A twelve-country population-based psychometric validation study of the Arabic version of the Social Pain Questionnaire (SPQ)

“…al., This means that the social pain construct is measured on a continuum, and respondents can be somewhere in the middle or near an extreme end of the continuum for each social pain emotional experience. Furthermore, both the Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega were greater than 0.9, indicating excellent internal reliability, which was in line with previous validation studies of the SPQ (German samples: Cronbach's α = .94(Schwarz et al, 2021;Stangier et al, 2021); Persian sample: Cronbach's α = 0.91(Sepehrinia et al, 2024)). …”

“…The pain that comes with the actuality or possibility of losing social bonds and relationships seems to increase the likelihood of depression in adolescents (Slavich et al, 2014), and to precipitate the onset of major depression (Slavich et al, 2009) and social anxiety (Fung & Alden, 2017) in adults. Additionally, socially rejected or excluded individuals display a decrease in self-regulatory ability and overall cognitive functioning, an increase in aggressive and self-destructive behaviours (such as procrastination and risk-taking) (DeWall & Baumeister, 2006;Mendes & Jamieson, 2012), and lower levels of self-esteem (Sepehrinia et al, 2024;Yanagisawa et al, 2011). Finally, previous research indicated that social rejection/exclusion is signi cantly associated with a greater increase in paranoid beliefs and psychotic-like symptoms in both clinical and non-clinical populations (Lincoln et al, 2018;Pillny & Lincoln, 2020;Sundag et al, 2018).…”

“…The SPQ also showed good discriminant validity as evidenced by higher levels of social pain exhibited by patients with depression, social anxiety disorder and personality disorders as compared to patients with other diagnoses (other anxiety disorders and trauma-related disorders) (Stangier et al, 2021). More recently, the SPQ was translated to the Persian language and validated in a sample of Iranian adults from the general population, where it showed a one-dimensional construct, excellent internal consistency, divergent and convergent validity as revealed through correlations between the SPQ and measures of self-esteem, perceived social support, and interpersonal sensitivity (Sepehrinia et al, 2024). The psychometric properties of the SPQ have also been examined in German adolescents aged 14 to 20 years, where it showed a unidimensional factor structure and high internal consistency (Schwarz et al, 2021).…”

The Persian Self-Report Version of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD-P): A Psychometric Evaluation

“…In contrast to Western cultures, Eastern cultures encourage low arousal emotions (38). Therefore, restraining emotional expression might explain why Eastern/Asian children exhibit higher levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits than children in the West (39)(40)(41). Also, lower levels of conduct problems have been observed in Eastern/Asian culture compared to Western countries (42), so it is possible that APSD-SR scores in Iran will not be as strongly related to conduct problems as in Western societies.…”

The Explanation of Adolescent Delinquent Behaviors Based on Jessor's Problem Behavior Theory (PBT) in Iran: The Role of Individual Vulnerability, Opportunity Risk Availability, and Perceived Support

“…Notwithstanding, there are remarkable differences in culture and educational system between Iran and the countries where PBT has been shown to have generality (specifically Western countries) (38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43). Eastern cultures encourage low arousal emotions, which is in contrast to Western cultures (44); the restriction of emotional expression in Eastern cultures might account for the higher levels of callous-unemotional traits in Asian children compared to children in the United States (45,46).…”