Psychometric Properties of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Countries

Lara-Cabrera, Mariela Loreto; Montesinos, Moisés Betancort; Muñoz-Rubilar, C. Amparo; Novo, Natalia Rodríguez; Bjerkeset, Ottar; Cuevas, Carlos De las

doi:10.3390/ijerph191610106

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The WHO Well-being Index has been widely utilized in various countries ( Carranza Esteban et al, 2022 ; Cosma et al, 2022 ; Kassab Alshayea, 2023 ) and contexts ( Chan et al, 2022 ; Lara-Cabrera et al, 2022 ) to assess well-being and monitor changes over time. For the WHO-5, Cronbach’s alpha is between 0.8 and 0.9 in multiple studies ( Lara-Cabrera et al, 2022 ; Low et al, 2023 ), suggesting high internal consistency. It provides a quick and reliable measure to evaluate an individual’s overall emotional well-being.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the associations between resilience and psychological well-being among South Africans during COVID-19

Sayed,

Malan,

Fourie

2024

Front. Psychol.

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Resilience pertains to an individual’s ability to withstand, adapt, and recuperate from adversity and stress. As the world grapples with unprecedented challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the relationship between resilience and psychological well-being becomes essential. Preliminary observations suggest that those with a higher resilience tend to have better psychological well-being, indicating a possible symbiotic relationship between the two. This study was structured using a cross-sectional survey design. A convenience sampling technique was employed, including 631 respondents in South Africa. Data collection took place between June 11 and July 9, 2022, facilitated through a Google Forms questionnaire. This questionnaire encompassed various instruments, namely a biographical questionnaire, the CD-RISC 10, the WHO Well-being Index, the FACIT-Sp-12, and the PMHS. The findings from the collected data highlighted a strong correlation between resilience and overall well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. This elevation in resilience can be instrumental in augmenting psychological well-being. As such, interventions or programs aimed at enhancing individual and community well-being might benefit from incorporating elements that bolster resilience, especially during periods of global adversity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the associations between resilience and psychological well-being among South Africans during COVID-19

Sayed,

Malan,

Fourie

2024

Front. Psychol.

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“…In a 2015 systematic review, Topp et al found that the tool had high clinimetric validity and could be used effectively as a non-invasive, subjective measure of well-being [17]. Previous research has also reported structural and construct criterion validity using the WHO-5 Index in numerous countries and populations [18,19]. Cronbach alphas ranged from 0.81-0.90 in a study of medical educators concluding the instrument to be a psychometrically sound tool for measuring well-being [18].…”

Section: Measuring Burnout and Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Burnout and Well-Being in Higher Education Health Science Faculty

McHenry¹,

Koster²,

Ludwig³

et al. 2023

OBM Integr Complement Med

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This study aimed to examine and compare the extent of burnout among health science faculty at a higher education institution and their self-reported perception of well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The design of the study was cross-sectional, descriptive survey research. An electronic questionnaire was developed to measure the constructs of burnout and well-being. Validated instruments used in the survey included the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and the World Health Organization-5 Well-being Index. The Qualtrics ® platform was used to distribute the survey to all full-time faculty within the College of Health Sciences. 45 respondents from nursing, community and environmental health, kinesiology, social work, respiratory care, allied health sciences, and radiologic sciences completed the survey. Significant differences were observed in the extent of burnout and perception of well-being between faculty members who had clinical teaching responsibilities within their faculty role compared to those who did not, <em>p</em> = 0.005, Partial Eta Squared = 0.318. Faculty with a 9-month contract appointment had significantly lower OLBI-Disengagement scores (p = 0.024) and OLBI-Full Burnout scores (p = 0.047) compared with those with another contract length. There was a significantly negative relationship between the extent of burnout and perception of well-being. In this sample of health science faculty, burnout, as characterized by increased exhaustion and disengagement, was moderately prevalent and associated with poorer well-being.

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“…Sischka et al [67] demonstrated that the WHO-5 is psychometrically appropriate and crossculturally applicable in different nationally representative samples of individuals (N = 43,469) across 35 European countries. Another study also found that the WHO-5 showed good validity and reliability across Spain, Chile and Norway in nurses who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic [42]. Cross-cultural validation studies are crucial to prove that the measure covers transcultural components of the construct subjective, and can be used for cross-cultural comparison purposes in international multicenter research.…”

Section: Rationale Of the Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second validation was performed among a small sample of Saudi adults (N = 190, aged 28.97 ± 8.69, 59.5% females), and revealed a unidimensional latent structure of the Arabic WHO-5, as well as high reliability and good convergent/divergent validity [37]. Over years, the WHO-5 has been increasingly and largely adopted for epidemiological research in various elds, including pediatrics [38], adolescentology [39], geriatrics [40], occupational psychology [41], and COVID-19related research [42]. Furthermore, numerous studies indicated that the WHO-5 is suitable as a screening measure for depression [40,43], for monitoring treatment response [44,45], and in experimental research (e.g., [46][47][48][49][50]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Country Validation of the Arabic version of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index in non- clinical young adults from six Arab countries

Fekih‐Romdhane

Chérif

Alhuwailah

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Subjective well-being (SWB) is a culturally-dependent and context-driven concept; It thus varies widely across- and within cultures. Therefore, cross-cultural validation studies are crucial to prove that the well-being measure covers transcultural components of the construct subjective, and can be used for cross-cultural comparison purposes in international multicenter research. In this regard, we aimed to perform a cross-country validation of the Arabic version of the WHO 5-item Well-Being Index (WHO-5) in terms of factor structure, composite reliability, cross-gender measurement invariance, and concurrent validity by calculating Pearson correlation coefficients between the WHO-5 and measures of depression, anxiety, stress, suicidal ideation and insomnia. Method: We carried-out a cross-sectional, web-based study among a total of 3247 young adults (aged 18-35 years) fromsix Arab countries (i.e., Tunisia, Lebanon, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Kuwait). Results: We found that WHO-5 mean scores varied significantly across countries, ranging from 32.2 ± 22.72 in Egypt to 44.2 ± 26.84 in Morocco. Confirmatory Factor Analyses showed that the fit of a one-factor model to the data proved to be acceptable in all six countries. In addition, the Arabic WHO-5 yielded high reliability coefficients in samples from each of the six countries (McDonald’s ω = 0.92-0.96) and both genders. Results from multi-group analyses demonstrated that configural, metric, and scalar invariance was supported across gender in the total sample and by country. As for concurrent validity, WHO-5 scores showed a strong significant inverse correlation with depression scores. Negative correlations have also been demonstrated between WHO-5 scores and different symptoms of mental health problems (anxiety, stress, suicidal ideation, insomnia) in our sample. Conclusion: By verifying the cross-country validity of the Arabic WHO-5, our study opens its wider application to epidemiologically explore SWB among Arabic-speaking community young adults from broad geographic areas.

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Psychometric Properties of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Countries

Cited by 26 publications

References 57 publications

Exploring the associations between resilience and psychological well-being among South Africans during COVID-19

Exploring the associations between resilience and psychological well-being among South Africans during COVID-19

Assessing Burnout and Well-Being in Higher Education Health Science Faculty

Cross-Country Validation of the Arabic version of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index in non- clinical young adults from six Arab countries

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