Psychometric Study of the Turkish Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (SPOS)

Abstract

In this study, the psychometric properties of the "Survey of Perceived Organizational Support" (SPOS) developed by Eisenberger et al. (1986) are investigated to provide further empirical evidence on its reliability and validity. In Study I, the effects of using different number of response options (5-point vs. 6-point Likert scales) and different anchoring labels (fully-labeled vs. end-anchored response scale) on participants' responses to SPOS items are investigated. Results showed that the anchoring labels and the number of response categories did not have a dramatic impact on the participants' responses to SPOS items. Alpha coefficients were very high for all of the four different scale designs of SPOS, but the fully-labeled, 6-point Likert scale had the highest reliability coefficient. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) findings provided support for the unidimensionality of SPOS. In Study II, the test-retest reliability of the 16-item version of SPOS was examined. Results provided evidence of high test-retest reliability.

Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support

“…These items may include questions that are inappropriate or meaningless depending on the country’s culture, employment system, or specific industries (e.g., civil servants and other industries with high employment security). In fact, when examining the reliability and validity of the SPOS for teachers, Dolma et al 16 excluded items from the 36 items of the SPOS that were not appropriate for their employment environment as teachers. The original version of the SPOS 1 by Eisenberger et al was basically developed to understand POS for U.S. workers.…”

“…In much of the past literature, the original version of the SPOS was one-dimensional and had high internal reliability, leading to the use of shortened versions such as the 16-item version 1 and the 8-item version 6 . Studies using the SPOS have been conducted mainly in English-speaking countries, European countries, and China, and besides the English version, Malay 15 and Turkish 16 versions of the SPOS have been developed. However, there is currently no Japanese version of the SPOS that has been tested for reliability and validity; therefore, studies have been conducted using original questionnaire items that reflect the POS concept 17 , and it has not been possible to compare findings from Japanese studies with those from foreign studies.…”

Employer Brand Attractiveness and Organizational Commitment: The Moderating Role of Organizational Support

“…A total of 3 of the 25 statements in the Turkish adaptation were excluded from the scale since they explained two dimensions at the same time. In order to measure organizational commitment, the "Organizational Commitment Scale" consisting of eighteen statements and three dimensions developed by Meyer et al [60] and adapted into Turkish by Dağlı et al [61] and to measure perceived organizational support, the "Perceived Organizational Support Scale" consisting of 16 statements developed by Eisenberger et al [29] and adapted into Turkish by Dolma and Torun [62] were applied. All the statements used in the research were evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5).…”