Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory—Head and Neck Module in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Examining patient-reported late toxicity and its association with quality of life and unmet need for symptom management among nasopharyngeal cancer survivors: a cross-sectional survey

“…Xiao et al. ( 15 ) further validated the MDASI-HN-C among Chinese NPC survivors, demonstrating similar results except for the components of each factor in the HN-specific subscales. However, some acute side effects subside and recover with time, while some late symptoms emerge months or years after treatment completion, leading to a unique side effect profile of NPC survivors when compared with patients receiving active treatment ( 26 ).…”

“…Descriptive statistics were used to give an overview of the patient's characteristics and symptom scores. Symptom severity and distress were calculated according to the 4-factor model suggested by Xiao et al (15). The mean score of the top-5 items (MeanTop5) was calculated as an alternative scale to represent symptom burden according to the MDASI User Guide.…”

“…According to The MDASI User Guide ( 14 ), the mean score of the most severe symptom items could be calculated to represent symptom burden. The MDASI-HN-C was validated in an NPC patient’s cohort and demonstrated to have excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach’s α ranging from 0.85-0.91 for all three subscales ( 15 ). Besides, the two-factor structures of the core and HN-specific symptoms were revealed in NPC patients to illustrate their symptom severity, comprising a total of four factors, including general, gastrointestinal, nutrition impact and social interaction impact symptoms.…”

“…Backward selection was conducted until all remaining variables were significant. Two predictive MLR models were established based on the 4-factor model ( 15 ) and the MeanTop5 scale. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.…”