“…The results of previous studies presented illustrate that potential contribution to the psychosocial adjustment depends on a number of factors, including age, gender, marital status, educational level, disease duration, stoma nature, stoma duration, cancer stage, income change after surgery, self-rated disease severity, time since surgery and spiritual well-being (Chao, Tsai, Livneh, Lee, & Hsieh, 2010;Karabulut, Dinc, & Karadag, 2014;Li et al, 2012). Additionally, in one study, the quality of life of 120 Canadian colostomy and ileostomy patients was surveyed based on the Stoma-QOL questionnaire and demographic attributes did not appear to have a strong influence on Stoma-QOL (Lai et al, 2018). Patients' and their family members' antipathy towards their stoma and spouse's acceptance of the ostomy were positively correlated with adjustment level in colostomy patients (Hu et al, 2014).…”