Psychomotor retardation in elderly depressed patients

Pier, M.P.B.I.; Hulstijn, Wouter; Sabbe, Bernard

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2003.08.002

Cited by 26 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As each of these circuits have similar connection and function, understanding the age-related changes in the motor circuit of the basal ganglia may actually shed light upon the age-related changes in other systems where speed can be an issue, such as information processing [53,56], cognition [71], or emotion [55]. For example, Touron and Hertzog [71] have found that older adults were less able than young adults to acquire automaticity in the context of a memory task.…”

Section: Generalizability To Other Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related slowing of movement as basal ganglia dysfunction

Saling

Phillips

2008

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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Attributions of age-related deficits in motor function to structural changes are compromised once the elderly exhibit lower error rates. This is because performance decrements observed in older adults are attributed to inferred strategic preferences for accuracy over speed. To understand genuine age differences in performance, we argue in the following theoretical paper that research needs to resolve methodological shortcomings and account for them within theoretical models of aging. Accounts of aging need to directly manipulate or control strategic differences in performance while assessing structural deficits. When this is done, age-related changes in motor control resemble the intermittencies of control seen in basal ganglia disorders. Given homologous circuitry in the basal ganglia, such observations could generalize to age-related changes in cognitive and emotional processes.Keywords Aging . Slowing of performance . Strategy . Basal ganglia . Performance operating characteristics Psychomotor function is a major contributor to the independence of older adults. Unfortunately, accounts of psychomotor change with age are complicated by difficulties in unequivocally addressing age-related change. Although gerontologists may wish to identify real structural deficits that can account for the behavior of older adults, the ability to address these deficits is limited by the ability to draw inferences from observable behaviors in the light of potential strategic variation [13,14,15,19,31,75]. By structural changes, we mean physiological changes associated with brain structures, in this case, the basal ganglia and its associated functional circuitry (e.g., see [39], for a discussion of structural and functional basal ganglia changes associated with aging).Such difficulties then cause problems in the tractability of models of age-related deficits, and even when specific behaviors are readily observable, there may be problems of generalizability when extrapolating to other domains.Models are possible, but there are problems of testability. This is because performance differences may simply reflect a strategic preference for accuracy over speed. As there is a tendency for differences in strategy to be inferred from performance decrements, this undermines any attributions of age-related changes in performance to structural changes. For there to be progress in the understanding of genuine age differences in performance, accounts of aging need to address strategic differences in performance while assessing structural deficits. This theoretical paper therefore seeks to address these problems by incorporating strategic variation into accounts of age-related changes in performance, delineating means whereby this can be addressed theoretically. By means of a discussion of empirical research, this paper demonstrates how strategic differences can be managed through the use of performance operating characteristics. Such solutions are therefore tractable and testable. Studies that control strategy reveal that the psychomot...

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Section: Generalizability To Other Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related slowing of movement as basal ganglia dysfunction

Saling

Phillips

2008

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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“…These consequences, usually termed as psychomotor abnormalities, encompass the engagement of cognitive-control mechanisms into a motor act 18 and have been commonly explored by measures concerning processing speed, such as reaction time or the control of spatialtemporal parameters (see Bennabi, Ugrinowitsch, ApolinarioSouza, Vieira, Albuquerque and Benda 19 for a more detailed review). These measures were included in different analyses, such as gait 20,21 , drawing tasks 22,23 and eye movements 24,25 . Because motor slowness was frequently reported in these studies, the impairments over motor control have been considered a common feature of depressed individuals and comprises a great focus of research in the last years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because motor slowness was frequently reported in these studies, the impairments over motor control have been considered a common feature of depressed individuals and comprises a great focus of research in the last years. Summarily, these studies have aimed to uncover the influences of depression on motor control in young adults, despite that some of them omitted the medication status of the sample 20,26 or were under medication 22 , which might have biased the intended behavior. To our knowledge, Beheydt, Schrijvers, Docx, Bouckaert, Hulstijn and Sabbe 27 were the only who demonstrated that unmedicated depressive older adults presented motor control impairments in comparison to their nondepressed peers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor control assessment of community-dwelling older adults with depressive symptoms

Bicalho

Albuquerque

Paula

et al. 2017

Motriz: rev. educ. fis.

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-Aims:The purpose of this study was to investigate how depressive symptoms mediate different motor control requirements in elderlies and to assess the concurring effects fomented by the interaction between aging and depressive symptoms, providing indirect measures of brain functionality. Methods: Sixty-eight elderlies were paired in terms of age and gender and were equally distributed into depressed and nondepressed groups, according to their score on the Beck Depression Questionnaire. The participants performed the Grooved Pegboard Test placing and withdrawing pegs while execution time and error rate were measured. Results: This investigation revealed that depressive symptoms exert a broad effect upon motor control, although that the symptom intensity, as well as the interaction between aging and depression intensity, were exclusively correlated with withdrawal task, suggesting that there is a greater effect upon motor acts with higher frontal lobe requirements. Conclusion: The discrimination of motor control aspects provides a valuable contribution for the understanding of the underlying neurophysiology of the interaction between aging and depression as it represents an indirect measure of cerebral dysfunction. Further, these findings may still have clinical implications, as they can promote more rational approaches to the elaboration of preventive measures that help maintain the functional capability of depressed elderlies.

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“…As aging itself already causes a substantial psychomotor slowing in healthy elderly (24)(25)(26), elderly depressed patients could be expected to show an even more pronounced form of PR. Pier and colleagues (25) hypothesized an additive effect of aging and depression on the psychomotor performance, be it on the basis of a sample of 11 medicated patients. Bonin-Guillaume et al (27) too found an additive PR effect in 16 patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pier and colleagues (25) hypothesized an additive effect of aging and depression on the psychomotor performance, be it on the basis of a sample of 11 medicated patients. Bonin-Guillaume et al (27) too found an additive PR effect in 16 patients. The retardation showed to be an addition of two different types of slowing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and psychomotor effects of three months of escitalopram treatment in elderly patients with major depressive disorder

Beheydt

Schrijvers

Docx

et al. 2015

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Please be advised that this information was generated on 2018-05-09 and may be subject to change. Background: Psychomotor retardation (PR) is one of the core features in depression according to DSM V (1), but also aging in itself causes cognitive and psychomotor slowing. This is the first study investigating PR in relation to cognitive functioning and to the concomitant effect of depression and aging in a geriatric population ruling out contending effects of psychotropic medication. PSYCHIATRY ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Methods:A group of 28 non-demented depressed elderly is compared to a matched control group of 20 healthy elderly. All participants underwent a test battery containing clinical depression measures, cognitive measures of processing speed, executive function and memory, clinical ratings of PR, and objective computerized fine motor skill-tests. Statistical analysis consisted of a General Linear Method multivariate analysis of variance to compare the clinical, cognitive, and psychomotor outcomes of the two groups. Results:Patients performed worse on all clinical, cognitive, and PR measures. Both groups showed an effect of cognitive load on fine motor function but the influence was significantly larger for patients than for healthy elderly except for the initiation time.Limitations: Due to the restrictive inclusion criteria, only a relatively limited sample size could be obtained. Conclusion:With a medication free sample, an additive effect of depression and aging on cognition and PR in geriatric patients was found. As this effect was independent of demand of effort (by varying the cognitive load), it was apparently not a motivational slowing effect of depression.

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Psychomotor retardation in elderly depressed patients

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Age-related slowing of movement as basal ganglia dysfunction

Age-related slowing of movement as basal ganglia dysfunction

Motor control assessment of community-dwelling older adults with depressive symptoms

Cognitive and psychomotor effects of three months of escitalopram treatment in elderly patients with major depressive disorder

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