Psychopathic personality or personalities? Exploring potential variants of psychopathy and their implications for risk assessment

Skeem, Jennifer L.; Poythress, Norman G.; Edens, John F.; Lilienfeld, Scott O.; Cale, Ellison M.

doi:10.1016/s1359-1789(02)00098-8

Cited by 330 publications

(365 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…It is possible that this group of youth become callous through an adaptive response to chronic experiences of prejudice and discrimination. Further, these results are also consistent with conceptualizations of secondary psychopathy, suggesting that there may be some individuals who show high rates of CU traits but who may not show the temperamental deficits in emotional reactivity and for whom CU traits are more related to environmental risk factors (Poythress and Skeem 2005;Skeem et al 2003b). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Can a Laboratory Measure of Emotional Processing Enhance the Statistical Prediction of Aggression and Delinquency in Detained Adolescents with Callous-unemotional Traits?

Kimonis

Frick

Muñoz

et al. 2007

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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In this cross-sectional study, we investigated whether the combination of the presence of callousunemotional (CU) traits and emotional deficits to distressing stimuli, assessed by a computerized dot-probe task, enhanced the statistical prediction of aggression and delinquency in a sample of 88 detained and predominantly African-American (68%) adolescents (M age=15.57; SD= 1.28). Overall, self-reported CU traits were associated with self-report measures of aggression and delinquency, but not with official records of arrests. However, there was an interaction between CU traits and emotional deficits for predicting self-reported aggression, self-reported violent delinquency, and a record of violent arrests. Youth high on CU traits and who showed a deficit in their responses to visual depictions of distress showed the highest levels of aggression and violent delinquency.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Can a Laboratory Measure of Emotional Processing Enhance the Statistical Prediction of Aggression and Delinquency in Detained Adolescents with Callous-unemotional Traits?

Kimonis

Frick

Muñoz

et al. 2007

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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“…This research aligns with theories of primary and secondary psychopathy (Karpman, 1941;Skeem et al, 2003), which hold that some psychopathic traits may similarly be positively related to shame (Morrison & Gilbert, 2001). Proponents of these theories state that there are two different types of psychopathy (i.e., primary and secondary) that differ based on affective functioning.…”

supporting

confidence: 87%

Remorse, psychopathology, and psychopathy among adolescent offenders.

Spice¹,

Viljoen²,

Douglas³

et al. 2015

Law and Human Behavior

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Remorse has long been important to the juvenile justice system. However, the nature of this construct has not yet been clearly articulated, and little research has examined its relationships with other theoretically and legally relevant variables. The present study was intended to address these issues by examining relationships among remorse, psychopathology, and psychopathy in a sample of adolescent offenders (N = 97) using the theoretically and empirically established framework of guilt and shame (Tangney & Dearing, 2002). Findings indicated that shame was positively related to behavioural features of psychopathy, whereas guilt was negatively related to psychopathic characteristics more broadly. In addition, shame was positively associated with numerous mental health problems whereas guilt was negatively associated with anger, depression, and anxiety. These results provide empirical support for theory that psychopathy is characterized by lack of remorse (e.g., Hare, 1991), and also underscore shame and guilt as potentially important treatment targets for adolescent offenders. Remorse 3Remorse, Psychopathology, and Psychopathy among Adolescent Offenders

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“…Conversely, both P-impulsivity and Prule-breaking facets, like secondary LSRP, were associated with increased trait impulsivity and sensation seeking, akin to secondary psychopathy. However, while both primary P-facets showed only few significant associations with impulsivity, as predicted by theoretical conceptions of primary psychopathy (Skeem et al, 2003), primary LSRP showed significant associations with all impulsivity associated measures. Both P-interpersonal and P-impulsivity facets were linked to increased verbal aggression; however, their associations with anger and hostility were in opposite directions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Three main models of psychopathy have been offered. First, the two-factor model proposes primary and secondary psychopathy variants with distinct trait correlates, mechanisms, and etiologies (Skeem, Poythress, Edens, Lilienfeld, & Cale, 2003). Primary psychopathy is associated with deficits in affectiveinterpersonal style -including superficial charm, callousness, lack of empathy and guilt.…”

Section: Psychopathy and Its Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The P-psychopathy continuum: Facets of Psychoticism and their associations with psychopathic tendencies

Heym

Ferguson

Lawrence

2013

Personality and Individual Differences

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Highlights  An examination of psychopathy related facets in EPQ-R Psychoticism (P) Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the 2, 3 and 4 factor models of psychopathy in P  support the 4 factor model over 2 factor model, but 3 factor model had best fit  P-facets show predicted divergent associations with psychopathy related traits  linked to high psychopathy, impulsivity and aggression, and low empathy *Highlights (for review)The P-psychopathy continuum and facets of P 1 The P-psychopathy continuum: Facets of Psychoticism and their associations with psychopathic tendencies Abstract Eysenck proposed that psychopathy is at the extreme end of the Psychoticism (P) personality dimension (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1976). This study examined (i) whether psychopathy-relevant P items of the EPQ-R can form psychometrically valid facets that map onto the conceptualization of the two-, three-or four-factor models of psychopathy using confirmatory factor analysis (N=577) in a normal population; and (ii) whether those P-facets have criteria-related validity in associations with self-reported primary and secondary psychopathy, impulsivity (subsample N=306), and measures of trait empathy and aggression (subsample N=212). The four-factor model incorporating affective, interpersonal, impulsive, and antisocial facets of P was superior to the two-factor model; however, the three-factor conceptualization excluding the antisocial P-facet was the best fit. The facets show predicted divergent associations with primary and secondary self-reported psychopathy and trait measures. Findings are discussed in light of Eysenck's P-psychopathy continuity hypothesis and the applicability of facet approaches to the prediction of psychopathic and antisocial tendencies.

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Psychopathic personality or personalities? Exploring potential variants of psychopathy and their implications for risk assessment

Cited by 330 publications

References 105 publications

Can a Laboratory Measure of Emotional Processing Enhance the Statistical Prediction of Aggression and Delinquency in Detained Adolescents with Callous-unemotional Traits?

Can a Laboratory Measure of Emotional Processing Enhance the Statistical Prediction of Aggression and Delinquency in Detained Adolescents with Callous-unemotional Traits?

Remorse, psychopathology, and psychopathy among adolescent offenders.

The P-psychopathy continuum: Facets of Psychoticism and their associations with psychopathic tendencies

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