Psychopathology Among New York City Public School Children 6 Months After September 11

Hoven, Christina W.; Duarte, Cristiane S.; Lucas, Christopher P.; Wu, Ping; Mandell, Donald J.; Goodwin, Renée D.; Cohen, Michael J.; Balaban, Victor; Woodruff, Bradley A.; Fan, Bin; Musa, George J.; Mei, Lori; Cantor, Pamela A.; Aber, J. Lawrence; Cohen, Patricia; Süsser, Ezra

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.5.545

Cited by 410 publications

(435 citation statements)

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“…In the present sample, ∼11% of marathon-attending youth exhibited likely PTSD (a rate comparable to that found among NYC schoolchildren 6 months after 9/11). 3 This proportion of youth with likely PTSD was roughly 6 times higher among marathon-attending youth than nonattending youth. Among attack-related experiences, seeing dead bodies was most strongly associated with negative outcomes, including emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/ inattention, and peer problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In recent years, there have been several high-profile terrorist attacks specifically targeting civilian child and family venues (eg, Russia' s Beslan school hostage crisis, Norway' s Workers' Youth League camp attack, Nairobi' s Westgate Mall attack). Although research has documented the psychological toll of terrorism on youth, [1][2][3][4] the majority of such work has focused on attacks targeting office buildings of high symbolic value, 3,[5][6][7] where the presence of families has been incidental. Much remains to be learned about the reactions of children affected by terrorism specifically aimed at "soft targets" such as family events.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the majority of research on terrorism-exposed youth has examined large-scale attacks with mass casualties (eg, 9/11). 2,3,[5][6][7] Minimal research has examined children' s reactions to high-profile terrorism with relatively few fatalities.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Adjustment Among Area Youth After the Boston Marathon Bombing and Subsequent Manhunt

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Research in the aftermath of large-scale terrorist attacks shows that exposed children experience numerous negative psychological sequelae, including increased emotional difficulties, posttraumatic stress, and significant attack-related life disruptions. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Most research on terrorism-exposed youth examines large-scale terrorism. Limited work examines reactions to terrorism of the scope of the marathon attack, and the extraordinary manhunt and shelter-in-place warning was an unprecedented experience. Understanding adjustment after these events is critical.abstract BACKGROUND: The majority of research on terrorism-exposed youth has examined large-scale terrorism with mass casualties. Limited research has examined children' s reactions to terrorism of the scope of the Boston Marathon bombing. Furthermore, the extraordinary postattack interagency manhunt and shelter-in-place warning made for a truly unprecedented experience in its own right for families. Understanding the psychological adjustment of Boston-area youth in the aftermath of these events is critical for informing clinical efforts. METHODS: Survey of Boston-area parents/caretakers (N = 460) reporting on their child's experiences during the attack week, as well as psychosocial functioning in the first 6 attack months. RESULTS: There was heterogeneity across youth in attack-and manhuntrelated experiences and clinical outcomes. The proportion of youth with likely attack/manhunt-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was roughly 6 times higher among Boston Marathon-attending youth than nonattending youth. Attack and manhunt experiences each uniquely predicted 9% of PTSD symptom variance, with manhunt exposures more robustly associated than attack-related exposures with a range of psychosocial outcomes, including emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, and peer problems. One-fifth of youth watched .3 hours of televised coverage on the attack day, which was linked to PTSD symptoms, conduct problems, and total difficulties. Prosocial behavior and positive peer functioning buffered the impact of exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical efforts must maintain a broadened focus beyond simply youth present at the blasts and must also include youth highly exposed to the intense interagency pursuit and manhunt. Continued research is needed to understand the adjustment of youth after mass traumas and large-scale manhunts in residential communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Adjustment Among Area Youth After the Boston Marathon Bombing and Subsequent Manhunt

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“…Yet, the evidence suggests a particularly high prevalence of PTSD among directly exposed children. For example, the prevalence of PTSD among exposed children was 38.4% at 1 month after the 1984 school playground sniper attack in Los Angeles (Pynoos et al 1987), 27% at 3 months after the 1993 World Trade Center bombing (Koplewicz et al 2002), and 18.4% at 6 months after the 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York City (Hoven et al 2005).…”

Section: Studies Of Human-made Disastersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: a systematic review

2007

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“…Assim, experimentos naturais são oportunidades ímpares para entendermos as origens dos transtornos mentais. Esses são estudos que utilizam diferenças que ocorreram naturalmente na exposição a determinado fator entre diferentes indivíduos, como a institucionalização e privação de estímulos de crianças na Romênia 18 , os atentados terroristas de 11 de setembro nos EUA 19 ou o furacão Katrina 20 .…”

Section: Buscando Fatores Ambientais Com Efeito Causalunclassified

Em busca das origens desenvolvimentais dos transtornos mentais

Polanczyk

2009

Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul

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ResumoIntrodução: A psicopatologia desenvolvimental é uma disciplina que integra perspectivas epidemiológicas, sociais, genéticas, desenvolvimentais e de psicopatologia para entender as origens e o curso dos transtornos mentais. Neste artigo, são discutidos abordagens e conceitos utilizados para compreender as origens desenvolvimentais dos transtornos mentais. Resultados: A psicopatologia desenvolvimental entende que os transtornos mentais são possíveis desfechos do processo de desenvolvimento e são dependentes de infl uências sociais, genéticas e ambientais. Esses diversos fatores estão inter-relacionados de diferentes formas e em diferentes níveis, exercendo um efeito dimensional. São discutidos: a) abordagens para determinar causalidade entre eventos ambientais e transtornos mentais; b) a importância de entendimento dos mecanismos biológicos através dos quais fatores ambientais e genéticos atuam; c) fatores genéticos predizendo a exposição a estressores ambientais; e d) fatores genéticos moderando o efeito de estressores ambientais. Conclusões: As origens dos transtornos mentais podem ser iluminadas por dados de estudos que utilizam enfoques e conceitos complementares e que integrem infl uências sociais, genéticas, ambientais e desenvolvimentais. Descritores: Psicopatologia desenvolvimental, transtornos mentais, origens, interação gene-ambiente, correlação gene-ambiente. AbstractIntroduction: Developmental psychopathology is a discipline that integrates epidemiological, social, genetic, developmental, and psychopathological perspectives to understand the origins and courses of mental disorders. In the present paper, theoretical concepts and approaches applied with the purpose of understanding the developmental origins of mental disorders are discussed. Results: According to developmental psychopathology, mental disorders are possible outcomes of the developmental process that depend upon social, genetic, and environmental infl uences. These factors are linked in different ways and levels, exerting a dimensional effect. The following factors are addressed: a) approaches to determine a causal effect between environmental factors and mental disorders; b) the importance of understanding biological mechanisms by which environmental and genetic factors exert their effect; c) genetic factors predicting the exposure to environmental stressors; d) genetic factors moderating the effect of environmental stressors. Conclusions: The origins of mental disorders can be clarifi ed by data from studies that use complementary approaches and concepts, integrating social, genetic, environmental and developmental infl uences.

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Psychopathology Among New York City Public School Children 6 Months After September 11

Cited by 410 publications

References 21 publications

Adjustment Among Area Youth After the Boston Marathon Bombing and Subsequent Manhunt

Adjustment Among Area Youth After the Boston Marathon Bombing and Subsequent Manhunt

Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: a systematic review

Em busca das origens desenvolvimentais dos transtornos mentais

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