Psychopharmacological aspects of catha edulis (khat) and consequences of long term use: a review

Wabel, Nasir Tajure

doi:10.5455/jmood.20111217095840

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The prevalence of cognitive impairment among HIV-positive patients reported in the present study is very high compared to the report of multicenter international studies that revealed neuropsychological deficit among HIV-positive patients as 13% in Brazil and 18.4% in Thailand [ 5 ]. The prevalence of cognitive impairment reported in this study is also higher than the findings of other studies conducted in Malawi (14%) and Kenya (15.3%) [ 15 , 16 ] which showed that cognitive impairment occurred in 14% and 15.3% of the study populations, respectively. Different viral clades and screening tools used may account for the variation in the magnitude of neurocognitive impairment as certain clades may be more or less neuropathogenic.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

“…There is evidence that cognitive functioning in HIV is associated with disease severity (CD4 T-cell count level less than 200 cell/ μ l and plasma HIV-1 RNA load), advanced age, level of education, income level, social support, medical comorbidities, and HIV medication adherence [ 9 – 16 ]. Previous study showed that khat chewing declines memory and learning, resulting in cognitive impairment [ 16 , 17 ]. Moreover, age-related dementia usually happens at the age of 65 years and above [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and Its Predictors among HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

et al. 2019

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Background. Cognitive impairment among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients can lead to treatment nonadherence, faster progression of the illness, disability, and bed ridden state if we fail to detect it early. However, there is scarcity of previous published studies in Ethiopia on the assessment of cognitive impairment among HIV-positive patients. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive impairment among HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia. Methods. Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 328 HIV-positive patients attending Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia. Data were collected from a face-to-face interview and review of medical records using semistructured questionnaire. Validated International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) was used to screen for cognitive impairment. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results. A total of 328 (191 females and 137 males) HIV-positive patients were included in the study with a response rate of 97.04%. The prevalence of cognitive impairment among HIV-positive patients was 35.7%. Factors significantly associated with cognitive impairment were age group of 41−64 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] (1.3, 7.4)], plasma HIV-1 RNA load between 1.7log10 and 3log10 copies/ml [AOR = 2.2, 95% CI (1.1,4.3)] and ≥ 3log10 copies/ml [AOR = 7.5, 95% CI (2.6, 21.5)], khat chewing [AOR = 4.4, 95% CI (2.3, 8.3)], and clinical stage III of the disease [AOR = 5.6, 95% CI (1.7, 19.2)]. Conclusion. Despite the use of ART, the burden of cognitive impairment among HIV patients was high. Older age, khat chewing, advanced stage of the disease, and higher viral load were the independent factors associated with cognitive impairment. Thus, continuous screening of cognitive impairment, identification of the possible risk factors, and proper management strategy should be designed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and Its Predictors among HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

et al. 2019

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“…Furthermore, the results of this study disclosed that any of the substances used were not associated with cognitive impairment. However, an experimental and cross-sectional study on human showed that khat chewing and alcohol drinking were associated with memory deficits and impair cognitive flexibility (Kimani and Nyongesa, 2008;Wabel, 2011;Colzato et al, 2011;Hoffman and al' Absi, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive impairment among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

Dagnew¹,

Wolide²,

Mossie³

2017

J. Public Health Epidemiol.

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Cognitive impairment is the major health problem particularly in elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of cognitive impairment and associated factors among type 2 diabetics in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, 2016. Comparative cross sectional study was employed among 105 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 105 matched healthy individuals at Jimma University Specialized Hospital using consecutive sampling technique. Mini-mental state examination scale was used to measure cognitive function. Frequency, independent t-test, and logistic regression were carried to present data. Variables with p≤0.05 were considered as significant association between dependent and outcome variables. Prevalence of cognitive impairment among type 2 diabetes mellitus was higher than healthy individuals (53.3%). Age, occupations, fasting blood glucose level, and type of treatment options for diabetics were the predictors of cognitive impairment among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The prevalence of cognitive impairment among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was significantly higher than non-diabetes study participants. This study was intended to offer information on cognitive impairment and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients to concerned bodies in designing diagnosis and management strategies particularly focusing on counseling in preventing risk factors.

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“…It becomes the most exported item next to coffee and oil seeds, and generates 10% of Ethiopia's export income ( Andualem, 2002 ; Bongard et al, 2011 ; Ezekiel. 2005 ; Wabel, 2011 ). Besides financial benefits, the plant also serves for fuelwood, construction and farming tools ( Gesess, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allometric equations for estimating aboveground biomass of khat (Catha edulis)-stimulate grown in agroforestry of Raya Valley, Northern Ethiopia

Getnet

Negash

2021

Heliyon

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Psychopharmacological aspects of catha edulis (khat) and consequences of long term use: a review

Abstract: Bağıntı beyanı: N.T.W.: Yazarlar bu makale ile ilgili olarak herhangi bir çıkar çatışması bildirmemişlerdir.

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and Its Predictors among HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and Its Predictors among HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

Cognitive impairment among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

Allometric equations for estimating aboveground biomass of khat (Catha edulis)-stimulate grown in agroforestry of Raya Valley, Northern Ethiopia

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