Psychopharmacological Indole Alkaloids from Terrestrial Plants

Raffa, Robert B.

doi:10.1201/b17666-7

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Table 6 shows the identified phenolic compounds from the MS analysis. Certain compounds, such as kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-β-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-rhamnopyranoside, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and quercetin recorded similar findings with previous study [43] . Based on the compound identification, the detection of various phenolic compounds strengthens the suggestion that other bioactive compounds besides alkaloids were present and contributed to the diverse bioactive characteristics of M. speciosa .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions optimisation using response surface methodology from Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil leaves

Zakaria

Tan

Faudzi

et al. 2021

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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Highlights RSM is a practical approach to optimize the UAE conditions of M. speciosa leaves and provided further insights into the correlation between the independent and response variables. Developed quadratic model polynomial models are satisfactory to analyse the interaction between the independent and response variables. The optimum condition of extraction corresponded well as the residual standard error was below 5%.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions optimisation using response surface methodology from Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil leaves

Zakaria

Tan

Faudzi

et al. 2021

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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“…Over 40 different constituents have been isolated from kratom (EMCDDA 2015 ; Gogineni et al 2015 ), and kratom leaves have been found to contain over 25 alkaloids (Tanguay 2011 ; Hassan et al 2013 ). The alkaloids MG and 7-OH-MG are believed to be the primary active alkaloids in the plant (Tanguay 2011 ; Warner et al 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The abuse potential of kratom according the 8 factors of the controlled substances act: implications for regulation and research

2017

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RationaleConsideration by the US Drug Enforcement Administration and Food and Drug Administration of placing kratom into Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) requires its evaluation of abuse potential in the context of public health.ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to provide a review of kratom abuse potential and its evaluation according to the 8 factors of the CSA.ResultsKratom leaves and extracts have been used for centuries in Southeast Asia and elsewhere to manage pain and other disorders and, by mid-twentieth century, to manage opioid withdrawal. Kratom has some opioid effects but low respiratory depression and abuse potential compared to opioids of abuse. This appears due to its non-opioid-derived and resembling molecular structure recently referred to as biased agonists. By the early 2000s, kratom was increasingly used in the US as a natural remedy to improve mood and quality of life and as substitutes for prescription and illicit opioids for managing pain and opioid withdrawal by people seeking abstinence from opioids. There has been no documented threat to public health that would appear to warrant emergency scheduling of the products and placement in Schedule I of the CSA carries risks of creating serious public health problems.ConclusionsAlthough kratom appears to have pharmacological properties that support some level of scheduling, if it was an approved drug, placing it into Schedule I, thus banning it, risks creating public health problems that do not presently exist. Furthermore, appropriate regulation by FDA is vital to ensure appropriate and safe use.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00213-017-4813-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…rings differ. Table 1 shows that speciociliatine is less effective than other mitragynine alkaloids because trans-quinolizidine forms are more powerful than the cis-type (Flores-Bocanegra et al, 2017;Gogineni et al, 2014). On the other hand, the binding free energy results based on simulation confirmed greater affinity of paynantheine and speciociliatine for ABCG2 (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This plant is rich in alkaloids such as paynantheine, speciociliatine, oxindole, monoterpene indole, 7-hydroxymitragynine and mitragynine. The pain-relieving effect of kratom is mainly attributed to these alkaloids, which exert central analgesic activity through agonistic action on opioid receptors (Flores-Bocanegra et al, 2017;Gogineni et al, 2014), and could be a good choice for cancer pain. As little information has been published on their involvement in cancer, the current study was undertaken to determine whether or not these alkaloids can resensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Paynantheine more effectively reverses multidrug resistance in malignant EPG85.257RDB and MCF7MX cells than morphine and speciociliatine

Abdali,

Nadipour Borujeni,

Hosseini

et al. 2024

Cell Biology International

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The possible interactions of morphine, paynantheine and speciociliatine alkaloids with ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters was investigated. The compounds were docked against ABCG2 and ABCB1 to predict the binding mode of alkaloids in active binding sites. The cytotoxicity of morphine, paynantheine and speciociliatine for EPG85.257RDB and MCF7MX cells was determined and ABCB1 and ABCG2 gene and protein expression were determined. The binding score of paynantheine to ABCB1 was higher in the docking studies. Paynantheine and speciociliatine had similar binding scores to ABCB1, but higher binding scores to ABCG2 than did morphine. Paynantheine and speciociliatine were more effective against MCF7MX and EPG85.257RDB cells and showed greater cyctotoxicity in the MTT assay. The effect of morphine and paynantheine on the ABCB1 gene and protein expression suggests these compounds can reduce resistance in cancer patients, but that speciociliatine may not be a suitable candidate because of its increased ABCB1 expression while speciociliatine decreased the expression of ABCG2 in MCF7MX cells. This indicates that speciociliatine is a better candidate for reducing drug resistance in this cell line. Structural modification, drug‐metabolizing enzymes and differences in the binding sites could cause functional differences between these compounds.

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Psychopharmacological Indole Alkaloids from Terrestrial Plants

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions optimisation using response surface methodology from Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil leaves

Ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions optimisation using response surface methodology from Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil leaves

The abuse potential of kratom according the 8 factors of the controlled substances act: implications for regulation and research

Paynantheine more effectively reverses multidrug resistance in malignant EPG85.257RDB and MCF7MX cells than morphine and speciociliatine

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