Psychopharmacology of hunger and food intake in humans

Silverstone, Trevor

doi:10.1016/0163-7258(82)90075-4

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Subjects were asked to rate their level of hunger on a 10-cm scale, with 0 cm being "not at all hungry" and 10 cm being "extremely hungry". Subjects were asked to mark the VAS at the point on the scale that they considered to be appropriate to their hunger sensation at the time of the testing (30). After all testing was completed, the fast was broken, and the subjects were allowed to eat breakfast ad libitum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal changes in endogenous ghrelin and growth hormone during fasting in healthy women

Koutkia

Schurgin²,

Berry³

et al. 2005

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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(GH) secretion, but it is unknown whether there is a feedback of GH on ghrelin secretion. In this study, we characterized the relatedness of GH and ghrelin in a model of acute caloric deprivation in 10 healthy women (age 26.7 Ϯ 1.6 yr) during a 4-day fast in the early follicular phase. GH, ghrelin, and cortisol were assessed every hour over 24 h during an isocaloric diet and after a 4-day complete fast. Sampling during a normal diet at baseline demonstrated that ghrelin decreased 17.9% within 1 h after meals (P Ͻ 0.0001), but there was no meal effect on GH. BMI (22.3 Ϯ 0.4 vs. 21.5 Ϯ 0.4 kg/m 2 , P Ͻ 0.0001) and IGF-I (312 Ϯ 28 vs.124 Ϯ 22 ng/ml, P Ͻ 0.0001) decreased during fasting. Mean 24-h GH increased (2.6 Ϯ 0.5 vs. 5.6 Ϯ 0.5 ng/ml, P Ͻ 0.001), but ghrelin decreased (441.3 Ϯ 59.7 vs. 359.8 Ϯ 54.2 pg/ml, P ϭ 0.012). The peak ghrelin level decreased from 483.5 to 375.6 pg/ml (P Ͻ 0.0001), and the time of the peak ghrelin changed from 0415 to 1715. In contrast, the diurnal pattern of GH was maintained, with increases in the nadir (1.1 to 3.4 ng/ml) and peak GH concentrations (4.1 to 7.9 ng/ml) from the fed to fasted state (P Ͻ 0.0001). The change in morning GH concentrations was inversely related to the change in ghrelin (r ϭ Ϫ0.79, P ϭ 0.012). During complete short-term caloric deprivation in healthy women, ghrelin decreases, even as GH rises, and these processes appear to be reciprocal, suggesting that GH exhibits feedback inhibition on ghrelin. Our data provide new evidence of the physiological relationship of GH and ghrelin in response to changes in protein-energy metabolism. nutrition; hunger; neuroendocrine; appetite GHRELIN IS AN ENDOGENOUS LIGAND for the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor (18). Ghrelin levels are significantly lower in obese than in lean subjects (5,13,33). Prior studies have reported that ghrelin increases preprandially (4) and in response to chronic caloric deprivation in patients with anorexia nervosa (1, 25) and is suppressed by food intake (4). In a previous study (19), we demonstrated ghrelin pulsatility and relatedness to GH during fasting in healthy men. Feedback inhibition of GH on ghrelin was suggested in response to testing with growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)/arginine (19). In addition to potential effects of arginine and somatostatin on ghrelin, another explanation of our prior data is that increasing GH during arginine/GHRH testing contributes to decreased ghrelin by feedback inhibition. GH and ghrelin exhibited mirror image responses during GH stimulation testing in our prior paradigm, suggesting a classical neuroendocrine feedback loop (19). Coordinated regulation of ghrelin and GH may be an important component in nutrient signaling to the brain but has not previously been assessed. In this study, we sought to characterize the relatedness of GH and ghrelin in a model of acute caloric deprivation in women, recognizing that the physiology in men and women with respect to ghrelin may differ and that prior conclusions regarding ghrelin physiology in men can...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal changes in endogenous ghrelin and growth hormone during fasting in healthy women

Koutkia

Schurgin²,

Berry³

et al. 2005

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…Subjective criteria like desire to eat, hunger feeling, fullness and prospective feeding intentions (Blundell & Burley, 1987;Silverstone, 1982) were scored on 100 mm visual analogue scales basally and at 15 min intervals until 60 min after the end of the infusion period. For each subject the scores at the start of the study, at time 0 min, were de®ned as zero and served as reference point.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obese women are less sensitive for the satiety effects of bombesin than lean women

et al. 1998

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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether infusion of bombesin, when combined with a gastric preload, in¯uence satiety and foot intake in obese and lean healthy women. Design: Double blind, placebo controlled study. Setting: Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Subjects: Obese (n 7) and lean (n 7) healthy women. Interventions: Intravenous infusion of bombesin (0.09 nmol/kg ideal weight/h) or placebo for 165 min.Gastric preload of banana slices was administered at time 60 min. Meal ingestion started at time 75 min (banana slices). Food intake was calculated and satiety was measured by visual analog scales. Results: During infusion of bombesin the amount of food eaten by the lean individuals (193 AE 37 g) was signi®cantly reduced compared to saline infusion (365 AE 42 g, P`0.05). However, bombesin induced no signi®cant feeding suppression in obese women when compared to saline (241 AE 46 vs 301 AE 45 g, respectively). The decrease in food intake during bombesin infusion compared to saline was signi®cantly greater in lean subjects (173 AE 30 g) than in obese subjects (59 AE 35 g; P`0.05). Only in lean subjects subjective preprandial hunger feelings were signi®cantly affected by bombesin infusion. Conclusions: Infusion of bombesin, when combined with a gastric preload, inhibits food intake and increases satiety in lean women. Obese women are less sensitive for these bombesin induced satiety effects. Sponsorship: This study was supported by a grant from the Dutch Organization for Scienti®c Research (NWO; grant 900-522-080). Descriptors: bombesin; satiety; food intake; obese and lean women

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“…Subjects scored hunger and satiety by putting a slash on a 10-cm line every 15 min from t=0 until t=210 (Blundell et al, 1987;Silverstone et al, 1982). The questions asked were: "How strong is your desire to eat (very weak-very strong)?…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Intraduodenal Administration of Sucrose Polyester (Olestra) Cause Satiation in Humans?

et al. 1999

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Psychopharmacology of hunger and food intake in humans

Cited by 12 publications

References 65 publications

Reciprocal changes in endogenous ghrelin and growth hormone during fasting in healthy women

Reciprocal changes in endogenous ghrelin and growth hormone during fasting in healthy women

Obese women are less sensitive for the satiety effects of bombesin than lean women

Does Intraduodenal Administration of Sucrose Polyester (Olestra) Cause Satiation in Humans?

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