Psychopharmacology of Repeated Seizures: Possible Relevance to the Mechanism of Action of Electroconvulsive Therapy

Green, A. Richard; Nutt, David

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1819-4_6

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…In an attempt to understand the efficacy of ECT in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as depression, the neuropharmacological effects of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) treatment in animals have been studied extensively (see review by Green and Nutt 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroconvulsive shock increases dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNA in the nucleus accumbens of the rat

et al. 1995

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The present study examined the effects of acute and repeated administration of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on levels of D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs in the nucleus accumbens and striatum (caudate-putamen) of the rat. Quantitative in situ hybridisation with 35S-labelled oligonucleotide probes specific for D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs was utilised. Compared to controls, rats receiving a single ECS showed higher levels of both D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs in the nucleus accumbens 4 h, but not 24 h, after treatment. Similarly, rats receiving ECS repeatedly (five ECS in 10 days) also exhibited higher levels of D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs in the nucleus accumbens 4 h, but not 24 h, after the last treatment. The effects of single and repeated ECS treatment on dopamine receptor mRNA levels were localised to the caudal region of the nucleus accumbens. No statistically significant changes in mRNA levels were detected in the striatum of rats treated with either acute or repeated ECS. We discuss the possibility that increased expression of D1 and D2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens may be involved in the dopamine-enhancing properties of ECS detected in behavioural studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroconvulsive shock increases dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNA in the nucleus accumbens of the rat

et al. 1995

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“…The effects of administration of various antidepressant treatments, including electroconvulsive shock (ECS), a model of electroconvulsive thereapy, on central noradrenergic function have been extensively investigated (see Green & Nutt, 1987). The most widely studied and consistent effect of antidepressant treatment in animals is a decrease in the number of /I-adrenoceptors in the brain (Bergstrom & Kellar, 1979ab;Sellinger-Barnette et al, 1980;Asakura et al, 1982;Sugrue, 1982;Stanford & Nutt, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex‐related differences in central adrenergic function and responsiveness to repeated administration of desipramine or electroconvulsive shock

Heal

Bristow

Hurst

et al. 1989

British J Pharmacology

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1 Clonidine induces hypoactivity in rodents. Male rats were found to be markedly more susceptible to the sedative effects of this a2-adrenoceptor agonist than females. Thus to obtain identical hypoactivity responses for subsequent experiments, clonidine was administered to male and female rats at doses of 0.2 and 0.5 mg kg-1, respectively. 2 The clonidine-induced hypoactivity response of female rats was not affected by the oestrous cycle. 3 Repeated injection of desipramine (DMI; 5mg kg-1 b.d.) for up to 14 days progressively attenuated clonidine-induced hypoactivity in both male and female rats. However, in males the attenuation was more rapid in onset and a greater overall reduction was obtained. This a2-adrenoceptor-mediated response was also progressively reversed by repeated daily administration of an electroconvulsive shock (ECS; 110 V, 1 s). In this case, although the maximum decrease was greater in males, the time of onset was identical in both sexes.4 There were no sex-related differences in either the number or affinity of a2-and ,B-adrenoceptors in rat cortex. Cortical a2-adrenoceptors were decreased by 14 days of DMI injection or 10 days of ECS treatment (ECS x 10) and these effects were identical in both sexes. These receptors were not altered by 2 days administration of DMI or ECS. Cortical fi-adrenoceptors were reduced in male and female rats by 2 and 14 days of DMI injection and by ECS x 10, but not ECS x 2. 5 Viewed overall, the data show differences in a2-adrenoceptor function between the sexes, as determined by clonidine-induced hypoactivity and the responsiveness of this paradigm to repeated administration of DMI and ECS. In contrast, no differences were observed in complementary a2-and /-adrenoceptor binding experiments using rat cortical tissue.

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“…Although the mechanisms through which ECT works are not well understood, it is clear that repeated treatments (6-14 on average) are necessary before a therapeutic effect is observed. Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) applied to animals serves as a model for ECT (Green and Nutt 1987). Clinical data and ECS studies support a role for neuropeptides in depression (Mathe 1999;Jimenez-Vasquez et al 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity in Hippocampal Peptidergic Systems Induced by Repeated Electroconvulsive Shock

Ming

Mains

Eipper

2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Psychopharmacology of Repeated Seizures: Possible Relevance to the Mechanism of Action of Electroconvulsive Therapy

Cited by 31 publications

References 149 publications

Electroconvulsive shock increases dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNA in the nucleus accumbens of the rat

Electroconvulsive shock increases dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNA in the nucleus accumbens of the rat

Sex‐related differences in central adrenergic function and responsiveness to repeated administration of desipramine or electroconvulsive shock

Plasticity in Hippocampal Peptidergic Systems Induced by Repeated Electroconvulsive Shock

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