Psychophysical factors that have been applied to clinical perimetry

Abstract

Perimetry is the most common clinical diagnostic test procedure for evaluating the status of peripheral visual function in the management of ocular and neurologic diseases. This procedure has an extended history, and its design, implementation and interpretation is dependent on many principles that have been developed through visual psychophysical studies of target size, target duration, background adaptation level, chromatic characteristics and other stimulus properties (see Greve, 1973; Johnson, 1994, chap. 17, 1996, 2008, 2010, chap. 23; Johnson & Keltner, 1998, chap. 7; Johnson & Sample, 2002, chap. 22; Johnson & Wall, 2011, chap. 35; Wall & Johnson, 2005, chap. 2 for reviews). This paper will provide a general overview of the history of perimetry, selection of stimulus parameters, development of test strategies, clinical testing conditions, new procedures and approaches to perimetry, experimental design, analysis and interpretation methods, hypothesis testing, prediction and forecasting procedures, and other related topics. It is somewhat paradoxical that although there have been major advances in all of these areas that have significantly enhanced the utility and value of this clinical diagnostic test, the fundamental methodology has remained mostly unchanged for thousands of years. It is hoped that this overview will be of assistance to investigators and clinicians who wish to use or modify this diagnostic procedure for their ongoing career activities.

Intersession test—retest variability of conventional and novel parameters using the MP-1 microperimeter

“…The factors that give rise to inherent TRV in microperimetry and other perimetric assessments have been well documented. 4 , 30 , 31 …”

A Review of Learning Effect in Perimetry

“…Although the ancients knew the existence of the field of vision and Hippocrates was the first who described hemianopias, it took a long time until the early 19th century, when Young and Purkinje described and measured the limits of the visual field, and the 1850s, when von Graefe was the first to use clinical measurement of the visual field [1].…”

“…Perimeters are also classified as manual or automated, depending on whether the stimulus is moved by hand, as in the Goldmann perimeter, or if the stimulus location is changed by a computerized mechanism incorporated into the instrument, as in the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA). In the late 1970s, computer technology was combined with visual field testing, resulting in the introduction of the first automated perimeters [1,6].…”

Retinal vascular oxygen saturation increases after cardiac surgery

“…Measurement of visual acuity is a rather simple and straightforward examination to perform, provided that prescription eyeglasses or contact lenses are worn. Accurate assessment of visual field abnormalities, on the other hand, inevitably implies the use of perimetry, limited, as a psychophysical method, by its subjective nature and dependency of adequate patient reliability (Johnson 2013). Moreover, several commercially available perimeters and a multitude of test protocols challenge legal equality for drivers with dubious visual field defects.…”