Psychophysiology during exposure to trauma memories: Comparative effects of virtual reality and imaginal exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder

Gramlich, Michael A.; Smolenski, Derek J.; Norr, Aaron M.; Ressler, Kerry J.; Rizzo, Albert; Andrasik, Frank; Fantelli, Emily; Reger, Greg M.

doi:10.1002/da.23141

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Psychophysiological methods of autonomic nervous system research are used to monitor the process of PTSD treatment with VRET, to predict and objectively evaluate the results [ 20 , 45 , 47 , 53 ]. For instance, Gramlich et al [ 6 ] recorded heart rate (HR), GSR, and skin temperature every 5 min during VR sessions, comparing the results with the clinicians’ assessment and self-questionnaire data. During the course of treatment, ET group participants showed greater increase of HR compared to the VRET group.…”

Section: Psychophysiological Methods Of Vret Effectiveness Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Virtual Reality Techniques to Rehabilitate Military Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Review)

Volovik¹,

Belova²,

Kuznetsov³

et al. 2023

Sovrem Tehnol Med

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental and behavioral disorder developing after a traumatic event like participation in combat activities. Objective diagnosis of combat PTSD and effective rehabilitation of war veterans is a current multifaceted problem with particularly high social costs. This review aims to evaluate the potential of virtual reality technique used as exposure therapy tool (VRET) to rehabilitate combat veterans and service members with PTSD.The review was written following the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The final analysis includes 75 articles published in 2017-2022.VRET therapeutic effect mechanisms were examined along with protocols and scenarios of VRET combined with other interventions influencing PTSD treatment like pharmacotherapy, motion-assisted multi-modular memory desensitization and reconsolidation (3MDR), transcranial magnetic stimulation. The necessity is substantiated of psychophysiological measurements for objectification of PTSD clinical criteria and its dynamics during treatment. It was shown that inclusion of VRET to the package of PTSD rehabilitation interventions positively affects the results due to the enhanced effect of presence and greater experience personalization. Thus, VRET may be an effective, controlled, and cost-effective alternative for PTSD treatment in combatants, including those not responding to conventional therapy.

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Section: Psychophysiological Methods Of Vret Effectiveness Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to a sample of U.S. veterans, $923 million were spent during two years to treat PTSD in the late 2010s putting a high burden on health care [ 5 ]. Long-term studies conducted for a year or more after trauma exposure allowed to reveal a typical symptom dynamic leading to either recovery or a prolonged PTSD treatment [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Virtual Reality Techniques to Rehabilitate Military Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Review)

Volovik¹,

Belova²,

Kuznetsov³

et al. 2023

Sovrem Tehnol Med

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“…VR graded exposure therapy (VR-GET) has shown particular promise for PTSD (Difede and Hoffman, 2002;Difede et al, 2014;McLay et al, 2014;Rothbaum et al, 2014;Rizzo and Shilling, 2017;Norr et al, 2018;Gramlich et al, 2021) a condition that affects between 9 and 30% of Veterans (Neria, 2021).…”

Section: Additional Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immersive Virtual Reality: A Safe, Scalable, Non-opioid Analgesic for Military and Veteran Patients

Peterson¹,

Hitching

Howard

et al. 2021

Front. Virtual Real.

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In Iraq and Afghanistan over 75% of the combat casualties suffered by U.S. troops have involved explosive devices. Improvements in body armor and advances in military medicine have significantly reduced the number of combat-related fatalities, but have greatly increased the number of U.S. active component personnel suffering painful trauma injuries. Unfortunately, so far, advances in pharmacologic analgesia pain medications have not kept pace with advances in survivability. For many active component personnel and Veterans, pain is a top health complaint from patients. The opioid epidemic has increased the urgency of developing powerful non-pharmacologic approaches for the management of pain. Immersive VR is proving to be a powerful non-opioid pain management technique for acute pain. However, the cost and usability limitations of pre-2016 VR clinical products resulted in limited treatment adoption rates for clinical use. In recent years, VR technology has become increasingly immersive, portable, and miniaturized, requiring minimal technical expertise to operate, and low-cost, factors that are likely contributing to the recent increase in the clinical use of VR analgesia. VR is greatly benefitting from a growing string of major technological breakthroughs and VR treatment improvements that will likely continue to increase the effectiveness and suitability of VR analgesia for military and VA patients. Regarding acute pain, we propose that the next revision to the current Tactical Combat Casualty Care guidelines consider including VR as an effective and hemodynamically safe approach to the current management of acute trauma pain in military personnel during medical procedures. With recent miniaturization and ruggedization, VR can potentially be used closer to the battlefield in the future. Beyond distraction, innovative VR therapy techniques designed to help reduce chronic pain are discussed. Recent breakthroughs in the mass production of inexpensive, highly immersive lightweight stand alone VR systems and augmented reality systems increase the potential for widespread dissemination of VR analgesia for acute and potentially for chronic pain. For example, the U.S. military recently purchased 22 billion dollar’s worth of Microsoft Hololens mixed reality systems (e.g., for training). Expanded research and development of VR analgesia customized for the unique needs of military and VA patients is recommended.

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“…Note-se que com a atual pandemia COVID-19 as exigências colocadas aos bombeiros aumentaram, sendo importante investir na prevenção. Alternativas possíveis serão as apps gratuitas de monitorização e a realidade virtual (Gramlich et al, 2021;Imperatori et al, 2020), para auxiliar os profissionais de socorro na sintomatologia de stress, ansiedade, depressão e stress pós-traumático, contendo questionários e devolução dos resultados obtidos, conteúdos psicoeducativos e exercícios práticos, numa época em que o distanciamento físico ainda se impõe, mas urge cuidar da saúde mental dos bombeiros, potenciar a sua resiliência e reduzir a possibilidade de experienciarem stress pós-traumático.…”

Section: Instrumentosunclassified

Perturbação de stress pós-traumático em bombeiros: prevenção e intervenção

Vara¹,

Faria²,

Fonseca³

et al. 2021

Geografia, Riscos E Proteção Civil. Homenagem Ao Professor Doutor Luciano Lourenço. Volume 2

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Os bombeiros, pela sua atuação em diversos contextos de risco, estão potencialmente expostos a situações propensas para o desenvolvimento da perturbação de stress pós-traumático (PTSD). Foi efetuada na EBSCO uma revisão da literatura sobre a prevenção e intervenção na PTSD, para identificar variáveis associadas e formas de prevenção e de intervenção, procurando, assim, sensibilizar para esta patologia e realçar a importância da saúde ocupacional dos bombeiros no contexto atual. Encontraram-se 21 artigos de tipo empírico, sobretudo focados na prevenção e associando PTSD a depressão, ansiedade e saúde mental, sugerindo a necessidade de intervenção focada nos bombeiros.

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Psychophysiology during exposure to trauma memories: Comparative effects of virtual reality and imaginal exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Use of Virtual Reality Techniques to Rehabilitate Military Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Review)

Use of Virtual Reality Techniques to Rehabilitate Military Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Review)

Immersive Virtual Reality: A Safe, Scalable, Non-opioid Analgesic for Military and Veteran Patients

Perturbação de stress pós-traumático em bombeiros: prevenção e intervenção

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