Psychosis in Parkinson's disease in a Southeast Asian cohort: prevalence and clinical correlates

Abstract

Introduction: Psychosis is a prominent neuropsychiatric symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and is associated with negative outcomes, such as poorer quality of life and greater rate of functional impairment. Early identification of patients with PD at risk of developing psychosis facilitates appropriate management to improve outcomes. However, this phenomenon has not been examined locally. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of PD-associated psychosis in the local setting, identify any associated risk factors, as well as characterise the cognitive trajectory of patients with PD with psychosis. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 336 patients with PD, who presented to the National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, in 2006 and 2007 and attended follow-up visits through to 2013 was analysed. The data analysed included scores from clinician assessments of cognitive function, disease severity and presence of psychotic symptoms, conducted when clinically appropriate during patients’ medical visits. Survival analysis and logistic and linear regression analysis were performed. Results: Psychosis was diagnosed in 63 patients with PD, indicating a prevalence of 18.8% for PD-associated psychosis. Incidence of psychosis in PD was calculated to be 40 per 1,000 person-years. No significant association was found between demographic variables and the odds of developing psychosis in PD. Regression analyses found that the presence of psychosis significantly predicted greater cognitive decline and disease severity. Conclusion: Psychosis has a significant presence among the PD population in Singapore, possibly serving as an indicator of more rapid cognitive decline and progression of PD severity.

Effects of stochastic resonance stimulation on manual function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: A pilot clinical trial

“…Age had a moderate correlation 53 with ΔSFA ( r s = 0.66 p = .005), as well as ΔB&B ( r s = 0.66, p = .007), with younger participants demonstrating greater improvement. With regard to spasticity severity, there was a fair and nonsignificant correlation between the composite MAS score and improvement in SFA in the SBT treatment condition versus sham (ΔSFA), ( r s = 0.43, p = .10 ).…”

Development and Validation of the Morphea Activity Measure in Patients With Pediatric Morphea

“…21 With regard to κ statistics, values greater than 0.74 were considered excellent, values from 0.60 to 0.74 were considered good, and values from 0.40 to 0.59 were considered fair. [21][22][23] Because there is no gold standard for morphea disease activity, convergent construct validity was investigated through correlation of the MAM score with scores from the modified LoSSI and the PGA-A. 24 We used the Spearman ρ coefficient to measure correlation, with coefficients greater than 0.8 considered very strong correlation, coefficients from 0.6 to 0.8 considered moderately strong correlation, coefficients from 0.3 to less than 0.6 considered fair correlation, and coefficients less than 0.3 considered poor correlation.…”

“…24 We used the Spearman ρ coefficient to measure correlation, with coefficients greater than 0.8 considered very strong correlation, coefficients from 0.6 to 0.8 considered moderately strong correlation, coefficients from 0.3 to less than 0.6 considered fair correlation, and coefficients less than 0.3 considered poor correlation. 22 Internal consistency or degree of homogeneity across items was measured using the Cronbach α coefficient, with values from 0.7 to 0.9 reflecting good internal consistency of the scale without substantial redundancy of items. [25][26][27][28] We assessed the impact of deleting each item on the total internal consistency and analyzed the interitem correlation, aiming for an ideal range of 0.15 to 0.50.…”

Validity of Novel Outcome Measures for Hand Function Performance After Stroke Using Egocentric Video

“…A correlation coefficient ranging from .2 to .6 was fair, .6 to .8 was moderate, and above .8 was strong correlation. 34,35 Significant correlations with the FMA-UE, ARAT, and MAL was the criterion for accepting the hand use ratio or hand role ratio as a valid measure of the performance domain of the ICF for hand function after stroke.…”