Psychosocial alterations during the COVID-19 pandemic and the global burden of anxiety and major depressive disorders in adolescents, 1990–2021: challenges in mental health amid socioeconomic disparities

Kim, Soeun; Hwang, Jiyoung; Lee, Jun Hyuk; Park, Jaeyu; Kim, Hyeon Jin; Son, Yejun; Oh, Hans; Smith, Lee; Kang, Jiseung; Fond, Guillaume; Boyer, Laurent; Rahmati, Masoud; Tully, Mark A.; Pizzol, Damiano; Udeh, Raphael; Lee, Jinseok; Lee, Hayeon; Lee, Sooji; Yon, Dong Keon

doi:10.1007/s12519-024-00837-8

Cited by 3 publications

References 88 publications

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National trends in adolescents’ mental health by income level in South Korea, pre– and post–COVID–19, 2006–2022

Cho,

Park,

Lee

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Despite the significant impact of the COVID–19 pandemic on various factors related to adolescent mental health problems such as stress, sadness, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts, research on this topic has been insufficient to date. This study is based on the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web–based Survey from 2006 to 2022. We analyzed the mental health problems of adolescents based on questionnaires with medical interviews, within five income groups and compared them with several risk factors. A total of 1,138,804 participants were included in this study, with a mean age (SD) of 15.01 (0.75) years. Of these, 587,256 were male (51.57%). In 2022, the recent period from the study, the weighted prevalence of stress in highest income group was 40.07% (95% CI, 38.67–41.48), sadness was 28.15% (26.82–29.48), suicidal ideation was 13.92% (12.87–14.97), and suicide attempts was 3.42% (2.90–3.93) while the weighted prevalence of stress in lowest income group was 62.77% (59.42–66.13), sadness was 46.83% (43.32–50.34), suicidal ideation was 31.70% (28.44–34.96), and suicide attempts was 10.45% (8.46–12.45). Lower income groups showed a higher proportion with several risk factors. Overall proportion had decreased until the onset of the pandemic. However, a significant increase has been found during the COVID–19 pandemic. Our study showed an association between household income level and the prevalence of mental illness in adolescents. Furthermore, the COVID–19 pandemic has exacerbated mental illness among adolescents from low household income level, underscoring the necessity for heightened public attention and measures targeted at this demographic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-024-74073-5.

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National trends in adolescents’ mental health by income level in South Korea, pre– and post–COVID–19, 2006–2022

Cho,

Park,

Lee

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Global Prevalence and Disability from Mental and Substance Use Disorders Across Childhood and Adolescence, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Zhang,

Li,

Qiu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Gut-brain axis as a bridge in obesity and depression: Mechanistic exploration and therapeutic prospects

Fang,

Pan,

Zeng

et al. 2025

World J Psychiatry

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A recent study by Wang et al , published in the World Journal of Psychiatry , provided preventative and therapeutic strategies for the comorbidity of obesity and depression. The gut- brain axis, which acts as a two-way communication system between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Evidence suggests that metabolic byproducts, such as short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide and bile acids, which are generated by the gut microbiota, along with neurotransmitters and inflammatory mediators within the gut-brain axis, modulate the host's metabolic processes, neuronal regulation, and immune responses through diverse mechanisms. The interaction between obesity and depression via the gut- brain axis involves disruptions in the gut microbiota balance, inflammatory immune responses, and alterations in the neuroendocrine system. Modulating the gut-brain axis, for example, through a ketogenic diet, the use of probiotics, and the supplementation of antioxidants, offers new remedial approaches for obesity and depression. Future research that explores the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis is needed to provide more evidence for clinical treatment.

show abstract

Psychosocial alterations during the COVID-19 pandemic and the global burden of anxiety and major depressive disorders in adolescents, 1990–2021: challenges in mental health amid socioeconomic disparities

Cited by 3 publications

References 88 publications

National trends in adolescents’ mental health by income level in South Korea, pre– and post–COVID–19, 2006–2022

National trends in adolescents’ mental health by income level in South Korea, pre– and post–COVID–19, 2006–2022

Global Prevalence and Disability from Mental and Substance Use Disorders Across Childhood and Adolescence, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Gut-brain axis as a bridge in obesity and depression: Mechanistic exploration and therapeutic prospects

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