Psychosocial Correlates of HIV-related Sexual Risk Factors among Male Clients in Southern India

Abstract

Psychosocial theories suggest that individuals' behavior is a reflect ion of their intention and ability to carry out a typical behavior. Th is study proposes to examine the psychosocial correlates of HIV-related sexual risk factor among male clients of female sex workers (FSWs). Data were used from a cross-sectional survey, collected using two-stage sampling, conducted among 2382 clients of FSWs in four states of India in November 2008. Clients were males who had engaged in paid sex with a FSW in the 12 months preceding the survey. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to assess the effect of d ifferent psychosocial measure on HIV-related sexual risk factors: mu ltiple sexual partners, inconsistent condom use and self reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The odds of inconsistent condom use with FSWs was more among clients with low self-efficacy (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 2.2, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.7-3.0), lo w perceived social support (AOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3-2.6), lo w perceived personal norms (AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2-2.3) and lo w perceived access to condoms (AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.0) than others. Similarly, experience of STI-related symptoms in the last 12 months was associated with low self-efficacy, low perceived social support and low perceived vulnerability. Findings highlight strong influence of psychosocial attitudes on HIV-related sexual risk factors among male clients of FSWs, suggesting the need for designing HIV p revention strategies to address psychosocial issues like self-efficacy, vulnerability and social support.

Factors associated with consistent condom use: a cross-sectional survey of two Nigerian universities

“…Consistent with previous studies [10, 13, 41] our results strongly support the hypothesis that condom self-efficacy is associated with a higher likelihood of consistent condom use. Despite controlling for relevant covariates, the magnitude and direction of effect of condom self-efficacy on consistent condom use persist.…”

“…Trust, unavailability of condoms, dislike of condoms and perceptions that condoms reduce sexual pleasure were the main reasons for inconsistent use of condoms among students – all of which corroborated previous studies [11–13, 29, 30]. Also, a previous study conducted among Nigerian university students has shown that despite being aware of the risks associated with unprotected sex, Nigerian students engage in risky sexual behaviour due to perceptions that condoms reduce sexual pleasure and the often unfounded belief that their partners are free of any sexually transmitted diseases [3].…”

“…These include low perceived sexual satisfaction derived from the use of condoms, low perceived personal risk of STDs, condom fatigue, having a steady sexual partner, and low condom self-efficacy [11–13, 29, 30]. Studies have identified self-efficacy as the most important predictor of condom use [13, 31–34]. Bandura [35] coined the term ‘self-efficacy’ and defines it as a “judgment of one’s capability to accomplish a certain level of performance”.…”

<p>Factors Associated with Condom Use Self-Efficacy Among Preparatory School Students in Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

“…Literature reported that self-efficacy is one of the most significant predictors of condom use. [14][15][16][17][18] According to social cognitive theory, self-efficacy is a central concept in which both outcome and efficacy of expectations are critical in the promotion of health and behavioral change. 19 Bandura 20 defines the term "self-efficacy" as a "judgment of one's capability to accomplish a certain level of performance".…”