Psychosocial determinants of the onset and escalation of smoking: cross-sectional and prospective findings in multiethnic middle school samples

Carvajal, Scott C.; Wiatrek, Dawm E; Evans, Richard I.; Knee, C. Raymond; Nash, Susan

doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(00)00124-5

Cited by 122 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Demographic information included age, race/ethnicity, gender, and parental education (as a surrogate for socioeconomic status). We also assessed important elements of the students' environment (responsive parenting [29], demanding parenting [29], parental smoking, sibling smoking, friend smoking, electronic media use, and stress) and students' intrinsic characteristics (self-report of school grades, depression [30], self-esteem [31], rebellious behavior [32], sensation-seeking [33], and knowledge of the harm and addictiveness of tobacco). To minimize respondent burden for such a lengthy survey, we selected representative items from these surveys instead of including all items.…”

Section: Survey Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Cigarette Smoking and Media Literacy about Smoking among Adolescents

Primack

Gold

Land

et al. 2006

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Purpose-To determine whether media literacy concerning tobacco use is independently associated with two clinically relevant outcome measures in adolescents: current smoking and susceptibility to smoking.Methods-We asked high school students aged 14-18 years to complete a survey that included a validated 18-item smoking media literacy (SML) scale, items assessing current smoking and susceptibility to future smoking, and covariates shown to be related to smoking. We used logistic regression to assess independent associations between the two outcome measures and SML.Results-Of the 1211 students who completed the survey, 19% reported current smoking. Controlling for all potential confounders of smoking, we found that an increase of one point (out of 10) in SML was independently associated with an odds ratio for smoking of .84 (95% confidence interval [CI] .71-.99). Compared with students below the median score on the SML scale, students above the median had an odds ratio for smoking of .57 (95% CI .37-.87). Of the students who were nonsmokers, 40% were classified as susceptible to future smoking. Controlling for all potential confounders of smoking, we found that an increase of one point (out of 10) was independently associated with and an odds ratio for smoking susceptibility of .68 (95% CI .58-. 79). Compared with students below the median SML, students above the median SML had an odds ratio for smoking susceptibility of .49 (95% CI .35-.68).Conclusions-In this sample of high school students, higher SML is independently associated with reduced current smoking and reduced susceptibility to future smoking. © 2006 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. [25][26][27], making media literacy attractive as an intervention. However, these studies focused on the outcomes such as student satisfaction, knowledge, and attitudes, and did not demonstrate that antismoking media literacy is associated with improvements in clinically relevant outcomes related to smoking. We therefore used a reliable, validated scale measuring the construct of smoking media literacy (SML) in youth [24] to determine the degree to which clinically relevant smoking-related outcomes are associated with SML scores in a large group of high school students. We hypothesized that higher media literacy scores would be associated with a decreased likelihood of current smoking and that, among current nonsmokers, those with higher media literacy would have a lower susceptibility to future smoking. Keywords Methods Participants and settingThe study population for our cross-sectional survey consisted of students attending a suburban public high school outside of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania with a total enrollment of 1690. The community served by this high school is primarily Caucasian and middle-income. Male and female students were eligible to participate if they were 14-18 years old and were available to take the survey on the regular school day in January 2005 when it was administered. On this date, 79 students were absent and 86 were unav...

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Section: Survey Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Cigarette Smoking and Media Literacy about Smoking among Adolescents

Primack

Gold

Land

et al. 2006

Journal of Adolescent Health

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“…Kilbey et al 1998) and smoking (e.g. Carvajal et al 2000). In addition, multidimensional scaling and behavior genetic analyses suggest that drinking initiation and alcohol (quantity/frequency) consumption are only loosely coupled constructs (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent alcohol and tobacco use: onset, persistence and trajectories of use across two samples

et al. 2002

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Aims-We examined the alcohol-tobacco relationship using two prospective, ethnically diverse samples. Trajectories of alcohol and tobacco use are portrayed overall and by sex and ethnicity. Using prospective analyses, we examine directional influences between alcohol and tobacco use, and we characterize initiation versus persistence of drinking and smoking as a function of use of the other substance.Design, setting-Data were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth) and the Adolescent Health Risk Study (AHRS). Follow-up intervals for AddHealth and AHRS were 1 and 5 years, respectively.Participants-AddHealth respondents (n = 4831) were on average 14.8 years old (48% male, 23% black, 61% white) and AHRS respondents (n = 1814) were on average 16.7 years old (47% male, 44% black, 49% white).Measurements-Two alcohol consumption variables and two smoking variables were used: drinking frequency and heavy drinking frequency, and regular (current) smoking and daily number of cigarettes.Findings-Alcohol and tobacco use exhibited monotonic increases over adolescence and young adulthood. Men and white respondents reported more use than women and black respondents. Alcohol and tobacco were moderately associated at both times. Analyses revealed that prior alcohol use predicted tobacco use more strongly than the converse. Initiation of smoking was a function of prior drinking; to a lesser extent, initiation of drinking was a function of prior smoking. Persistence of smoking was a function of prior drinking and persistence of drinking was a function of prior smoking.Conclusions-Provisional support exists for the claim that alcohol use predicts tobacco use more strongly than the converse. For both drinking and smoking, onset and persistence are predicted by prior use of the other substance, and these associations were robust across sex and ethnicity.

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“…Uma das explicações para essa controvérsia é a de que a associação entre assertividade e tabagismo possa ser variável, caso sejam levadas em conta e analisadas dimensões específicas do comportamento assertivo (Carvajal, et al 2000;Suelves & Sanches-Turet, 2001). É curioso notar que a literatura denota forte consistência entre os resultados de diferentes estudos com adolescentes, no tocante à associação entre tabagismo e uma faceta específica da assertividade, caracterizada como "habilidade em recusa" à oferta de substâncias psicoativas.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Social Skills and Nicotine Dependence in Undergraduate Smokers

Rondina¹,

Martins²,

Manzato³

et al. 2013

Psic., Saúde & Doenças

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Parece haver um consenso entre pesquisadores, de que déficits em habilidades sociais (entre outros fatores), podem aumentar a vulnerabilidade do indivíduo ao desenvolvimento de quadros psicopatológicos em geral. É crescente o número de estudos enfocando (entre outros aspectos) a relação entre repertório de habilidades sociais e o aparecimento e/ou progressão de transtornos relacionados ao abuso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas (Epstein, Griffin, & Botvin, 2000;Nichols, Graber, Brooks-Gunn, & Botvin, 2006;Palos, Barrera, Martinez, Oviedo, & Oca, 2009;Wagner & Oliveira, 2009). Supõe-se ainda, que déficits em habilidades sociais possam tornar o indivíduo predisposto ou vulnerável à dependência de substâncias psicoativas em geral, pois, como Pinho e Oliva (2007) afirmam:

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Psychosocial determinants of the onset and escalation of smoking: cross-sectional and prospective findings in multiethnic middle school samples

Cited by 122 publications

References 32 publications

Association of Cigarette Smoking and Media Literacy about Smoking among Adolescents

Association of Cigarette Smoking and Media Literacy about Smoking among Adolescents

Adolescent alcohol and tobacco use: onset, persistence and trajectories of use across two samples

Social Skills and Nicotine Dependence in Undergraduate Smokers

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