Psychosocial Determinants of Tobacco Use among School Going Adolescents in Delhi, India

Kumar, Varun; Talwar, Richa; Roy, Neelam; Raut, Deepak; Singh, Sapna

doi:10.1155/2014/170941

Cited by 26 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Using a large sample of adolescents from different European cities, the results confirm earlier findings on the strong relationship between personal income and smoking 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Additionally, we found that personal income had an independent association with smoking, and did not act as a mere proxy of family SES.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This association was observed in middle‐income countries such as China 3 and India 1, 4, and high‐income countries and regions such as England 5, Scotland 8 and the United States 7. The relationship was also observed for various indicators such as current smoking 3, 4, 7, 8, heavy smoking 5 and amount spent on cigarettes 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The literature provides evidence on higher smoking prevalence rates among adolescents with a higher personal income 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. This association was observed in middle‐income countries such as China 3 and India 1, 4, and high‐income countries and regions such as England 5, Scotland 8 and the United States 7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The association between personal income and smoking among adolescents: a study in six European cities

Perelman¹,

Alves²,

Pfoertner

et al. 2017

Addiction

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AimsThis study investigates the link between personal income and smoking among adolescents, and aims to answer the following questions: (i) to what extent is personal income related to smoking, independent of family socio‐economic status (SES) and (ii) does the association between personal income and smoking apply to different subpopulations?DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingSix cities from European countries (Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Coimbra, Portugal; Hannover, Germany; Latina, Italy; Namur, Belgium; Tampere, Finland) in 2013.ParticipantsA school‐based sample of 10 794 adolescents aged 14–17 years.MeasurementsWe modelled smoking experimentation, weekly smoking, daily smoking and (among daily smokers) smoking intensity as function of personal income, adjusting for age, sex, family SES, parental smoking and country. We tested interactions between personal income and covariates. Stratification analyses were performed for the variables for which interactions were significant.FindingsAdolescents in the highest income quintile were more likely to be smoking experimenters [odds ratio (OR) = 1.87; P < 0.01], weekly smokers (OR = 3.51; P < 0.01) and daily smokers (OR = 4.55; P < 0.01) than those in the lowest quintile. They also consumed more cigarettes per month (β = 0.79; P < 0.01). Adjusting for family SES did not modify the significance of relationships, and increased the magnitude of the association for daily smoking. None of the interactions between covariates and personal income was significant for smoking measures. For the intensity of smoking, the interaction was significant for SES. The stratified analysis showed a non‐significant association between smoking intensity and personal income among the oldest adolescents and those with the lowest SES background, while significant among younger and higher SES backgrounds.ConclusionIn the Netherlands, Portugal, Germany, Italy, Belgium and Finland, adolescents' personal income is related positively to smoking behaviours independent of family socio‐economic status (SES). However, among low socio‐economic status adolescent daily smokers, the association between the intensity of smoking and personal income is weaker.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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The association between personal income and smoking among adolescents: a study in six European cities

Perelman¹,

Alves²,

Pfoertner

et al. 2017

Addiction

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“…This might be an indicator of the child's access to disposable income. Similar findings have been reported in China and India 29,30 it might be worthwhile to consider encouraging parents and guardians to limit the disposable income of their wards to help reduce access to cigarettes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…In many societies in Africa, the cultural norm of respect for elders is rife, and the possibility of punishment for those who disobey elders exists 30 . So when…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette purchase and accessibility among children in a developing country. A study among in-school youth in Lagos state, Nigeria.

Odukoya¹,

Onigbogi²,

Jacob³

et al. 2016

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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INTRODUCTION Tobacco use remains a significant public health challenge in many low and middleincome countries, including Nigeria. Cigarette accessibility drives experimentation and use. The objectives of this study were to assess the experiences of youth, regarding cigarette purchase and accessibility within their community. We were particularly interested in assessing their experiences with being sent on errands to purchase cigarettes by older persons within their community.METhODS We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study among 899 in-school youth less than 18 years of age using a multi-stage sampling method. Data was collected using self-administered pretested questionnaire and analysed with SPSS 17.0.RESULTS Study participants had a mean age of 13.9 + 1.9 years with a roughly equal male to female ratio. More than a third (36.6%) had been sent on an errand, to purchase cigarettes by an older person within the past year (86.6% never smokers; 13.4% ever-smokers). Of these, majority admitted that they proceeded on the errand as directed. Persons responsible for sending the minors on errands to purchase cigarettes were primarily older friends and neighbours within the community. Of those who had been sent on such errands, about half (51.4%) feared that they could be punished if they disobeyed. While attempting to purchase cigarettes, 59.2% admitted that no one had ever inquired about their age. Within the past year, about a third (33.6%) had successfully purchased cigarettes for older persons within the community. CONCLUSIONSIn implementing the national tobacco control policy, strategies to engage and educate the adults within the community must be prioritized. 2 Research ArticleTobacco Prevention & Cessation relatively easy to get, were more likely to become regular smokers compared with those who perceived cigarettes as more difficult to obtain 7,8 . Another study analysing youth tobacco access policies, compliance, and enforcement concluded that aggressive and comprehensive approaches to limiting youth access lead to significant reductions in youth smoking 9 . In order to reduce or eliminate tobacco use globally, the World Health Organization facilitated the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the first public health treaty endorsed by more than 180 countries worldwide, and also ratified by Nigerian Government 10 . Article 16 of the WHO FCTC treaty focuses on "Sales to and by children" and states that "parties should adopt and implement effective legislative, executive, administrative or other measures at the appropriate government level to prohibit the sales of tobacco products to persons under the age set by domestic law, national law or eighteen" 10. In May 2015, Nigeria passed the long awaited National Tobacco Control Bill (NTCB). This bill is an improvement on the previously enacted Tobacco Control Act (TCA) of 1990, which made no provisions for restrictions on sales to underage children 11 . The recently passed NTCB clearly prohibits the sale of cigarettes to and by children....

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Tobacco Use and Its Developmental Effects in Children and Adolescents

Murthy¹,

Basu²,

Chand³

2016

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

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Psychosocial Determinants of Tobacco Use among School Going Adolescents in Delhi, India

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

The association between personal income and smoking among adolescents: a study in six European cities

The association between personal income and smoking among adolescents: a study in six European cities

Cigarette purchase and accessibility among children in a developing country. A study among in-school youth in Lagos state, Nigeria.

Tobacco Use and Its Developmental Effects in Children and Adolescents

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