Psychosocial effects of halitosis among young adults

Deolia, Shravani; M, Ali; Bhatia, Shriya; Sen, Sourav

doi:10.4103/aip.aip_23_18

Cited by 7 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…In the literature, it emerges that the self-perception of halitosis could determine the onset of symptoms such as anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorders and paranoid ideation, and very often subjects misinterpret the attitude of people who relate to them. There is a need to introduce, together with the professional doctor, the intervention of specialists such as psychologists and psychiatrists to prevent consequences [17,36]. We believe that it is useful to work in a multidisciplinary mode in which one can intervene on both the oral condition and the psychological conditions of the patient to alter inadequate attitudes and wrong beliefs and to encourage the adoption of behaviors that can reduce the bad smell and improve patients' quality of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescence, Adulthood and Self-Perceived Halitosis: A Role of Psychological Factors

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: Halitosis is a frequent condition that affects a large part of the population. It is considered a “social stigma”, as it can determine a number of psychological and relationship consequences that affect people’s lives. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of psychological factors in the condition of self-perceived halitosis in adolescent subjects and adulthood. (2) Type of studies reviewed: We conducted, by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, systematic research of the literature on PubMed and Scholar. The key terms used were halitosis, halitosis self-perception, psychological factors, breath odor and two terms related to socio-relational consequences (“Halitosis and Social Relationship” OR “Social Issue of Halitosis”). Initial research identified 3008 articles. As a result of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the number of publications was reduced to 38. (3) Results: According to the literature examined, halitosis is a condition that is rarely self-perceived. In general, women have a greater ability to recognize it than men. Several factors can affect the perception of the dental condition, such as socioeconomic status, emotional state and body image. (4) Conclusion and practical implication: Self-perceived halitosis could have a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life. Among the most frequent consequences are found anxiety, reduced levels of self-esteem, misinterpretation of other people’s attitudes and embarrassment and relational discomfort that often result in social isolation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescence, Adulthood and Self-Perceived Halitosis: A Role of Psychological Factors

et al. 2021

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“…They observed that there was a significant relationship noted between the self-perceived halitosis group and self-perceived checklist. In the moderation analysis, the effect of oral health and self-perception of halitosis was significant with psychological status [14] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Relationship between psychological status and self-perception of halitosis among young adults with moderation by oral health status

Raina¹,

Jabeen²,

Sharma³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Appl. Dent. Sci.

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Background: The present study was conducted for assessing the relationship between psychological status and self-perception of halitosis among young adults with moderation by oral health status. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 subjects were enrolled and were divided into two study groups with 100 subjects in each group as follows: Group A: Self-perceived group: Subjects who sensed halitosis, and Group B: Suggested group: Subjects who were advised about malodour by family/friends. All the subjects were given strict instructions for refraining themselves from smoking, consuming alcohol, spicy food intake or using any kind of chewing gum, drops, mint, and mouth rinses on the day of clinical examination. A questionnaire was framed and was administered to all the subjects. All results were assessed. Results: Subjects of group A had significantly higher history of dental visits in comparison to that of group B. While comparing the oral hygiene practices in between the two study groups, significant results were obtained. While comparing the DMFT and BOP in between the two study groups, it was seen that DMFT and BOP was significantly higher among subjects of group A. Incidence of anxiety and depression was also significantly higher among subjects of group A. Conclusion: Self-perceived halitosis could have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life.

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“…After screening the abstracts, eight articles were assessed in full-text, where two articles were excluded for not meeting the age criteria and the symptoms criteria, resulting in 6 articles [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ] being included in the systematic review, as seen in Figure 1 . Included studies took place in Brazil [ 22 , 26 ], India [ 25 , 27 ], Rwanda [ 23 ], and Nigeria [ 24 ]. The cohort sample size was relatively large, ranging from 200 participants [ 25 ] to 736 participants [ 22 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Included studies took place in Brazil [ 22 , 26 ], India [ 25 , 27 ], Rwanda [ 23 ], and Nigeria [ 24 ]. The cohort sample size was relatively large, ranging from 200 participants [ 25 ] to 736 participants [ 22 ]. Age categories were distributed equally, with half of the studies focusing on adolescents [ 22 , 24 , 26 ] and the other half on young adults [ 23 , 25 , 27 ], along with gender, since both female and male patients were distributed almost equally in each study, apart from one that did not report gender proportions in the study groups [ 24 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of the studies used self-reported questionnaires or specific questions to assess the presence of halitosis [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 26 ] and only two of them used organoleptic measures [ 25 , 27 ]. Questionnaires used to evaluate the presence of halitosis comprised items such as “Do you have bad breath?” [ 22 ], while the ones that used organoleptic tests implied medical devices that evaluate the presence of bad breath [ 25 , 27 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emotional and Social Impact of Halitosis on Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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Background and Objectives: Halitosis is a condition characterized by unpleasant breath smell that is starting to receive serious scientific attention, considering it reflects on people’s social and personal life. While most studies focus on the prevalence of halitosis, its medical etiology, and the psychological impact on adults, there is a lack of evidence regarding the social impact of halitosis on the younger population. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to observe the social and emotional impact that halitosis has on adolescents and young adults. Materials and Methods: The review followed the PRISMA protocol, and four electronic databases (Scopus, Scholar, Web of Science, and ProQuest) were searched. From a total of 593 studies retrieved, only 6 were included in the study after assessing the eligibility criteria. Results: The main results showed that the levels of self-reported halitosis ranged from 23.1% to 77.5%, with an average of 44.7%, indicating a significant heterogeneity among the studies reporting this issue. Adolescents and young adults who experienced bad breath were feeling more anxious and depressed according to the non-standardized questionnaires and the standardized questionnaires (OHIP-14 and SCL-9-R). The respondents were isolated from social interactions and consequently had lower self-esteem and impaired quality of life. Conclusions: The conclusions drawn indicate the need for action on a medical level, as well as on a psychological level, in order to improve people’s oral health and help them navigate through the difficulties of maintaining social interactions as they live with halitosis.

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Psychosocial effects of halitosis among young adults

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Adolescence, Adulthood and Self-Perceived Halitosis: A Role of Psychological Factors

Adolescence, Adulthood and Self-Perceived Halitosis: A Role of Psychological Factors

Relationship between psychological status and self-perception of halitosis among young adults with moderation by oral health status

Emotional and Social Impact of Halitosis on Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review

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