Psychosocial Factors and Behaviors in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study

Sims, Mario; Lipford, Kristie J.; Patel, Nikhil; Ford, Cassandra D.; Min, Yuan‐I; Wyatt, Sharon B.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.020

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For the cumulative stress score, imputation by chained equations was used to address missing individual stress scores before combining into the cumulative score. 37 All reported P values reflect a 2-tailed a=0.05 to establish statistical significance. All data analyses were performed using SAS, 9.3 (SAS Institute, Inc).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, interaction terms were analyzed to assess whether age and sex modified the associations of interest in the fully adjusted models. For the cumulative stress score, imputation by chained equations was used to address missing individual stress scores before combining into the cumulative score . All reported P values reflect a 2‐tailed α=0.05 to establish statistical significance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress and Achievement of Cardiovascular Health Metrics: The American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 in Blacks of the Jackson Heart Study

Brewer

Redmond

Slusser

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundIdeal cardiovascular health metrics (defined by the American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 [LS7]) are suboptimal among blacks, which results in high risk of cardiovascular disease. We examined the association of multiple stressors with LS7 components among blacks.Methods and ResultsUsing a community‐based cohort of blacks (N=4383), we examined associations of chronic stress, minor stressors, major life events, and a cumulative stress score with LS7 components (smoking, diet, physical activity, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose) and an LS7 composite score. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the odds of achieving intermediate/ideal levels of cardiovascular health adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and biomedical factors. The LS7 components with the lowest percentages of intermediate/ideal cardiovascular health levels were diet (39%), body mass index (47%), and physical activity (51%). Higher chronic, minor, and cumulative stress scores were associated with decreased odds (odds ratio [OR]) of achieving intermediate/ideal levels for smoking (OR [95% confidence interval], 0.80 [0.73–0.88], 0.84 [0.75–0.94], and 0.81 [0.74–0.90], respectively). Participants with more major life events had decreased odds of achieving intermediate/ideal levels for smoking (OR, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.92) and fasting plasma glucose (OR, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–0.98). Those with higher scores for minor stressors and major life events were less likely to achieve intermediate or ideal LS7 composite scores (OR [95% confidence interval], 0.89 [0.81–0.97] and 0.91 [0.84–0.98], respectively).ConclusionsBlacks with higher levels of multiple stress measures are less likely to achieve intermediate or ideal levels of overall cardiovascular health (LS7 composite score), specific behaviors (smoking), and biological factors (fasting plasma glucose).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and Achievement of Cardiovascular Health Metrics: The American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 in Blacks of the Jackson Heart Study

Brewer

Redmond

Slusser

et al. 2018

JAHA

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Thirty‐two percent of GUARDD participants reported being current smokers, which is more than double the national average smoking rate of 15.5%, and significantly higher than smoking rates published in the Jackson Heart Study (13.1%), REGARDS (16%‐19%), and the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; 18%) . However, comparable rates were documented in African Americans who participated in the CAATCH trial (29.8%), which was also conducted in urban low‐resource primary care settings .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…44 While measures differ across studies, poor diet quality has also been consistently reported in large-scale studies of African Americans, regardless of their geographic residence. 3 Thirty-two percent of GUARDD participants reported being current smokers, which is more than double the national average TA B L E 5 Community-level data for GUARDD participants smoking rate of 15.5%, 45 and significantly higher than smoking rates published in the Jackson Heart Study (13.1%), 46 REGARDS (16%-19%), 47 and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; 18%). 48 However, comparable rates were documented in African Americans who participated in the CAATCH trial (29.8%), which was also conducted in urban low-resource primary care settings.…”

Section: Study and Counseling African Americans To Control Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Comprehensive examination of the multilevel adverse risk and protective factors for cardiovascular disease among hypertensive African Americans

Schoenthaler

Fei

Ramos

et al. 2019

J of Clinical Hypertension

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This paper describes the multilevel factors that contribute to hypertension disparities in 2052 hypertensive African Americans (mean age 52.9 ± 9.9 years; 66.3% female) who participated in a clinical trial. At the family level, participants reported average levels of life chaos and high social support. However, at the individual level, participants exhibited several adverse clinical and behavioral factors including poor blood pressure control (45% of population), obesity (61%), medication non‐adherence (48%), smoking (32%), physical inactivity (45%), and poor diet (71%). While participants rated their provider as trustworthy, they reported high levels of discrimination in the health care system. Finally, community‐level data indicate that participants reside in areas characterized by poor socio‐economic and neighborhood conditions (eg, segregation). In the context of our trial, hypertensive African Americans exhibited several adverse risks and protective factors at multiple levels of influence. Future research should evaluate the impact of these factors on cardiovascular outcomes using a longitudinal design.

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“…The association between social stress and obesity in our study is consistent with findings in other studies. Research on the social causes of eating patterns has suggested that chronic psychological stress may be a contributor to the increased risk for obesity (Bose, Olivan, & Laferrere, ; Faghri, Mignano, Huedo‐Medina, & Cherniack, ; Sims et al, ). For example, obesity was more frequent in men of higher SES, but among women of lower SES in Scotland (Heslop et al, ; Stringhini et al, ), a gender pattern also found in Seychelles (Stringhini et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between psychological stress and smoking, drinking, obesity, and high blood pressure in an upper middle‐income country in the African region

et al. 2017

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The direction and magnitude of the associations between cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and psychological stress continue to be debated, and no data are available from surveys in the African region. In this study, we examine the associations between CVRFs and psychological stress in the Seychelles, a rapidly developing small island state in the African region. A survey was conducted in 1,240 adults aged 25-64 years representative of the Seychelles. Participants were asked to rank psychological stress that they had experienced during the past 12 months in four domains:work, social life, financial situation, and environment around home. CVRFs (high blood pressure, tobacco use, alcohol drinking, and obesity) were assessed using standard procedures. Psychological stress was associated with age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Overall, there were only few consistent associations between psychological stress and CVRFs, adjusting for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Social stress was associated with smoking, drinking, and obesity, and there were marginal associations between stress at work and drinking, and between financial stress, and smoking and drinking. Psychological stress was not associated with high blood pressure.These findings suggest that psychological stress should be considered in cardiovascular disease prevention and control strategies.

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Psychosocial Factors and Behaviors in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study

Cited by 36 publications

References 26 publications

Stress and Achievement of Cardiovascular Health Metrics: The American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 in Blacks of the Jackson Heart Study

Stress and Achievement of Cardiovascular Health Metrics: The American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 in Blacks of the Jackson Heart Study

Comprehensive examination of the multilevel adverse risk and protective factors for cardiovascular disease among hypertensive African Americans

Associations between psychological stress and smoking, drinking, obesity, and high blood pressure in an upper middle‐income country in the African region

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