Psychosocial factors in post-partum parents in India

Abstract

Background: Post-partum period brings along with it a lot of changes and responsibilities. Fatigue, Stress, Depression and Bonding are some of the factors which have shown to affect the parents during this period. Present study assesses the psychosocial factors in post-partum parents and differences observed amongst them. The effect of other factors like the type of delivery of the youngest child, the working status of the mother and the type of family they reside in were also assessed. Methods: 128 pair of parents (64 mothers & 64 fathers) were interviewed using a Case Report Form after procuring their informed consent. The various psychosocial domains were evaluated using Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) Scale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDPS) and the Post-Partum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). For each participant, the total score (factorial total score in case of PBQ) in each scale was calculated and analysed. Results: On comparing the various psychosocial factors, fatigue (p-value 0.020), stress (p-value 0.034) and depression (p-value 0.005) levels were found to be significantly higher in mother as compared to fathers. Primiparous mothers had significantly high levels of stress (p-value 0.021) and depression (p-value 0.015) in comparison to primiparous fathers. Also, mothers who underwent C-section showed a significant difference (p-value 0.023) towards their tendency of incipient abuse towards the child as compared to the other groups. Conclusions: The present study reveals that the bonding of mothers and fathers with their children is equal. However, the mothers are observed to be more fatigued, stressed and depressed as compared to fathers.

Prevalence of Postnatal Depression in Fathers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…All the 15 cross-sectional studies selected 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 investigated the prevalence of PND and its associated factors. Included studies were conducted in India (3) 25 28 29 Iran (2), 23 26 Japan (1), 24 Italy (1), 27 Sweden (1), 30 Ethiopia (1), 35 Saudi Arabia (3), 33 34 36 Ireland (1), 31 Chile (1), 32 and China (1). 37 The key features of the studies included are briefly listed in Table 1 .…”

“…In studies with only fathers as a sample, the sample size ranged from 100 to 80,112 23 25 26 30 31 33 34 35 36 and in studies with couples as a sample, the sample size ranged from 75 to 2032 24 27 28 29 32 Four of the 15 studies used probability sampling techniques, 23 31 33 35 five used nonprobability sampling techniques, 25 26 28 29 34 and the others did not mention.…”

“…33 37 Eleven studies recruited a sample from institutional-based setting, 23 25 26 27 28 32 33 34 35 36 37 and four studies from community-based setting. 24 29 30 31…”

A single Spanish version of maternal and paternal postnatal attachment scales: validation and conceptual analysis

“…Likewise, this same argument can be used for postnatal bonding in men and women. Fourthly, different studies have used the same instrument of postnatal bonding in men and women ( Edhborg et al, 2005 ; Hall et al, 2015 ; Salian & Shah, 2017 ), despite the fact that no studies have been found that specify the adaptation of this instrument to fathers.…”

Peer Review #1 of "A single Spanish version of maternal and paternal postnatal attachment scales: validation and conceptual analysis (v0.1)"

“…Likewise, this same argument can be used for postnatal bonding in men and women. Fourthly, different studies have used the same instrument of postnatal bonding in men and women (Edhborg et al, 2005;Hall et al, 2015;Salian & Shah, PeerJ reviewing PDF | (2018:06:28974:1:0:NEW 29 Sep 2018)…”