Psychosocial profiles of older adolescent MDMA users

Singer, Lynn T.; Linares, Teresa J.; Ntiri, Shana O.; Henry, R Kranzler; Minnes, Sonia

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.12.015

Cited by 56 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However, the authors had merged the categories 'none' and 'mild', and therefore may have possibly been unable to detect a threshold situated between these two. Childhood neglect has been linked to depression [34,35] , substance abuse disorder [36][37][38] , borderline personality disorder [39,40] , obsessive-compulsive disorder [41] , eating disorder [42,43] , and to anxiety in obsessive-compulsive disorder [44] and depression [45] . Hence, neglect probably contributes to psychiatric illness, and this may be mediated by negative effects on self-esteem [46] , affect regulation [45] and current significant relationships [47] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Childhood Neglect with Adult Dissociation in Schizophrenic Inpatients

et al. 2009

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Background: Dissociation is often related to previous trauma and also occurs frequently in schizophrenia. Dissociation and psychosis may reflect a posttraumatic syndrome in some patients with schizophrenia. Sampling and Methods: In total, 80 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were investigated by means of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Dissociative Experience Scale and the Symptom Check List 90-R. CTQ subscales and groups reporting high and low dissociation were compared using MANOVA. Results: Childhood traumatic experiences were frequent [mean CTQ total score = 45.4 ± 17.5 (SD)]. Physical neglect was clearly associated with high dissociation, whereas abuse was not. Furthermore, there was a significant association of physical neglect with psychopathological distress not fully accounted for by dissociation. Conclusions: Dissociation may be specifically linked to childhood physical neglect in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Dissociation alone may not explain the effects of childhood maltreatment on adult psychopathology in schizophrenia; however, conclusions from the present study are limited due to its cross-sectional design.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Childhood Neglect with Adult Dissociation in Schizophrenic Inpatients

et al. 2009

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“…Anhedonia-like behavior, as measured by a decrease in drinking preference for a sweetened solution, was observed in young-adulthood (PD 70) following prenatal exposure [51]. Adolescent ecstasy users reported more emotional neglect and physical abuse during childhood than non-users [144] and these stressors could increase the risk for mood disorders. Some ecstasy users may be self-medicating in an attempt to ameliorate symptoms of affective disorders although this possibility requires verification.…”

Section: Learning and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

A developmental comparison of the neurobehavioral effects of ecstasy (MDMA)

Piper

2007

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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The entactogen ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) is a popular recreational drug among college, high school, and, occasionally, middle school students. Preclinical research examining the acute and long-term effects of MDMA has predominately been conducted in reproductively mature subjects but there has been increasing interest in adolescent and in utero exposure. This review examines the acute and long-term responses to MDMA during perinatal, adolescent, and adult periods. The ability of MDMA to alter core body temperature emerges gradually during ontogeny while a reduction in body weight is evident at all ages. Learning and workingmemory are also altered independent of the developmental stage of exposure. Current evidence suggests adults are more sensitive to the long-term serotonin depletions following MDMA but younger ages also exhibit substantial and rapid neuroplasticity. Sexually dimorphic MDMA responses have been identified for the acute hyperthermic and motoric effects of MDMA with pubescent males being especially susceptible. Several physiological, behavioral, and neurochemical MDMA issues requiring further study are also outlined. Keywords±3; 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; Adolescence; Anxiety; Depression; Learning; SerotoninThe phenylethylamine ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a popular recreational drug best known as ecstasy. MDMA has several other street names including Adam, baby slits, chocolate chips, clarity, doctor, essence, kleenex, and roll [77]. Although ecstasy has some similarities with both stimulants and hallucinogens, MDMA is an entactogen. Entactogen means "touching within" based on the drug's subjective effects [110]. MDMA also causes long term changes in several markers of the integrity of the serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmitter system [58]. There have been several excellent recent reviews on MDMA toxicology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and neurobehavioral consequences [30,37,113,157], but none have systematically addressed the intricate effects of MDMA during development.Ecstasy use is not restricted to limited subpopulations, that is fans of techno music and "raves" [173] or male homosexuals [73,81], as MDMA has expanded into the general population [124,148,170] and especially young people [52,78,170,172]. Over one hundred pregnant women in Toronto called a substance abuse helpline between 1998 and 2000 to inquire Corresponding Author: Brian J. Piper, Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-7710, Tel: (413) 545-0996, bpiper@nsm.umass.edu Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers...

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“…Exposure to multiple adverse life events has also been shown to further increase the risk of psychopathology (Chapman et al 2004;Copeland et al 2007), and childhood trauma is a particularly strong risk factor for co-occurring anxiety, mood and substance use disorders (De Graaf et al 2002). In a study looking at the psychosocial profile of ecstasy users, Singer and colleagues found that ecstasy users reported more experiences of childhood abuse and neglect, were more likely to be depressed and exhibited more severe levels of substance use than ecstasy-naïve drug-using controls (Singer et al 2004). Life stress has also been found to be associated with current depressive symptomatology amongst former chronic ecstasy users (MacInnes et al 2001).…”

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confidence: 96%