Psychosocial risk factors and screening options for perinatal psychopathologies

Abstract

a b s t r a c tObjective: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is an important screening instrument routinely used during the peripartum period for the identification of depression. The purpose of the study was to assess the validity of the 10-item EPDS in screening for antepartum depression (APD) in Hungary. Design: validation study carried out between July and December 2010. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged, Hungary. Participants: 219 women attending a routine check-up at 12 weeks antepartum. Interventions: participants completed the newly translated Hungarian version of the EPDS and underwent a clinical assessment with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV disorders (SCID-I). Measurement and findings: seven (3.2%) of the mothers were diagnosed with major antepartum depression and 22 (10.0%) with minor depression on the basis of the SCID. Internal consistency of the EPDS was satisfactory (Cronbach a coefficients Z 0.728). The best cut-off on the Hungarian version of the EPDS for major depression was 8/9, with a sensitivity of 71.4%, and a specificity of 91.5%. The area under the ROC curve was found significant for combined depression as well and at a cut-off of 6/7 indicated a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 83.2%. Key conclusions: the EPDS showed acceptable validity despite a considerable scatter in the total scores in our sample. Implication for practice: the EPDS is a reliable instrument for the screening of depressive disorders, especially major depressive disorder in early pregnancy among Hungarian women.

Dehydrocoupling of tris(hydridosilylethyl)boranes with ammonia or amines: a novel route to Si–B–C–N preceramic polymers

“…62,63 We chose synthesis starting from chloro vinylsilanes (H 2 C=CH)Si(CH 3 ) n Cl 3Àn (n = 0, 1) that were initially reacted with LiAlH 4 in diethyl ether. Since the respective hydrido vinylsilanes (H 2 C=CH)Si(CH 3 ) n H 3Àn (n = 0, 1) are difficult to handle in neat form, they were not isolated but reacted in situ by distilling the diethyl ether/hydrido vinylsilane solution into a toluene solution of borane dimethyl sulfide, BH 3 12 , occurs under mild conditions, even though the catalyst was used at levels of only 100 to 1000 ppm. [64][65][66][67] Alternatively, we used n-butyl lithium, similar to a method described by Seyferth and coworkers in which potassium hydride was used for the cross-linking of cyclic silazanes.…”

“…Whereas the IR spectrum of the monomeric 3 . Full IR spectroscopic details of all compounds are given in Table 3.…”

“…All apparatus is equipped with sidearms for pumping out the air and moisture and introducing inert gas. 3 (n = 0, 1) were obtained according to Ref 63. Ammonia and methylamine were dried with KOH prior to their use.…”

“…Precursor thermolysis is a process by which suitable polymers with an inorganic skeleton are converted into a wide variety of amorphous ceramics. [1][2][3][4][5] In particular, silicon-based polymers, such as polysilanes, [6][7][8][9][10][11] polycarbosilanes, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] polysilazanes, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and polysiloxanes (for an overview, see , have proven to be promising precursors for the production of technologically important ceramic components, such as fibers, coatings, infiltrated porous media, or complexshaped bulk parts.…”

“…39 The objective of this work is to report a novel approach to highly cross-linked boron-modified polysilazanes of general type {B[C 2 H 4 Si(R)-NR'] 3 } n [R = CH 3 , (NR') 0.5 ; R' = H, CH 3 ] as Si-B-C-N ceramic precursors that do not suffer from the above-described drawbacks. This synthetic pathway uses tris(hydridosilylethyl)boranes, B[C 2 H 4 Si(CH 3 ) n H 3Àn ] 3 (n = 0, 1), 62,63 which were dehydrocoupled with ammonia or methylamine associated with the evolution of molecular hydrogen as the only by-product.…”