“…Bongers and colleagues (1993) for example have emphasised the link between psychosocial factors at work and musculoskeletal disease, Armstrong et al (1993) developed a conceptual model for work-related neck and upper-limb disorders and the 'Panel on Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace (2001) proposed a broad conceptual model, which covers workplace-related factors like physical load, the organisational and social context, personal factors such as biomechanical loading, internal tolerances (including psychological states) and several outcomes such as pain, discomfort and disability for different localisations. The link between psychosocial factors and MSD has often been analysed and discussed (Carayon et al, 1999, Davis and Heaney, 2000, Gunnarsdottir et al, 2003, Rugulies et al, 2004, Violante et al, 2004. Nowadays, it is widely accepted that both physical (e.g., lifting and bending) and psychological exposure (e.g., stress at work) at work are associated with back pain and disability.…”