Psychostimulants and Movement Disorders

Asser, Andres; Taba, Pille

doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00075

Cited by 56 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 164 publications

(177 reference statements)

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“…In fact, 10-18% of bipolar I patients taking antidepressants are estimated to develop akathisia [ 28 , 29 ]. In addition, antibiotics [ 30 ], calcium channel blockers [ 31 ], and even illicit drug use such as amphetamine, methamphetamine, and cocaine [ 32 ] can elicit akathisia.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Antipsychotic-induced Akathisia: Current Issues and Prospective Challenges

Salem

Nagpal

Pigott

et al. 2017

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Background: Akathisia continues to be a significant challenge in current neurological and psychiatric practice. Prompt and accurate detection is often difficult and there is a lack of consensus concerning the neurobiological basis of akathisia. No definitive treatment has been established for akathisia despite numerous preclinical and clinical studies.Method:We reviewed antipsychotic-induced akathisia including its clinical presentation, proposed underlying pathophysiology, current and under investigation therapeutic strategies.Conclusion:Despite the initial promise that second generation antipsychotics would be devoid of akathisia effects, this has not been confirmed. Currently, there are limited therapeutic options for the clinical practice and the evidence supporting the most widely used treatments (beta blockers, anticholinergic drugs) is still absent or inconsistent.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Antipsychotic-induced Akathisia: Current Issues and Prospective Challenges

Salem

Nagpal

Pigott

et al. 2017

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“…Sympathomimetic compounds, such as ephedrine, found in Ephedra sinica, can inhibit peripheral vasodilation and also increase heat generation (Komissarov, 1964;Ibragic & Sofic, 2015). Amphetamine-related hyperthermia in humans is also due to sympathomimetic action (Asser & Taba, 2015).…”

Section: (2) Plant Secondary Metabolites That Disrupt Heat Loss Mechamentioning

confidence: 99%

A hot lunch for herbivores: physiological effects of elevated temperatures on mammalian feeding ecology

et al. 2017

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Mammals maintain specific body temperatures (T b ) across a broad range of ambient temperatures. The energy required for thermoregulation ultimately comes from the diet, and so what animals eat is inextricably linked to thermoregulation. Endothermic herbivores must balance energy requirements and expenditure with complicated thermoregulatory challenges from changing thermal, nutritional and toxicological environments. In this review we provide evidence that plant-based diets can influence thermoregulation beyond the control of herbivores, and that this can render them susceptible to heat stress. Notably, herbivorous diets often require specialised digestive systems, are imbalanced, and contain plant secondary metabolites (PSMs). PSMs in particular are able to interfere with the physiological processes responsible for thermoregulation, for example by uncoupling mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, binding to thermoreceptors, or because the pathways required to detoxify PSMs are thermogenic. It is likely, therefore, that increased ambient temperatures due to climate change may have greater and more-specific impacts on herbivores than on other mammals, and that managing internal and external heat loads under these conditions could drive changes in feeding ecology.

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“…There have also been reports of akathisia with the antibiotic azithromycin, 55 with calcium channel blockers, 56 lithium, 56 and with drugs often used for recreational purposes such as gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), and cocaine. 57 Akathisia in parkinsonian conditions Akathisia has been described in conjunction with a variety of Parkinson-related disorders including PD itself, 58 as well as post-encephalitic parkinsonism, cortico-basal degeneration (CBD), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). There is a complex relationship between the use of L-DOPA and akathisia, with some reports suggesting that its occurrence may relate to time-ofdosing or to "off" effects, and other reports finding no clear association.…”

Section: Antipsychotic-induced Akathisiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinical challenges of akathisia

et al. 2015

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Akathisia is one of the most vexing problems in neuropsychiatry. Although it is one of the most common side effects of antipsychotic medications, it is often difficult to describe by patients, and is difficult to diagnose and treat by practitioners. Akathisia is usually grouped with extrapyramidal movement disorders (ie, movement disorders that originate outside the pyramidal or corticospinal tracts and generally involve the basal ganglia). Yet, it can present as a purely subjective clinical complaint, without overt movement abnormalities. It has been subtyped into acute, subacute, chronic, tardive, withdrawal-related, and "pseudo" forms, although the distinction between many of these is unclear. It is therefore not surprising that akathisia is generally either underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, which is a serious problem because it can lead to such adverse outcomes as poor adherence to medications, exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms, and, in some cases, aggression, violence, and suicide. In this article, we will attempt to address some of the confusion surrounding the condition, its relationship to other disorders, and differential diagnosis, as well as treatment alternatives.

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Psychostimulants and Movement Disorders

Cited by 56 publications

References 164 publications

Revisiting Antipsychotic-induced Akathisia: Current Issues and Prospective Challenges

Revisiting Antipsychotic-induced Akathisia: Current Issues and Prospective Challenges

A hot lunch for herbivores: physiological effects of elevated temperatures on mammalian feeding ecology

The clinical challenges of akathisia

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