In the last few years, substantial gains have been made in our understanding of human memory errors and the phenomenon of false memory, wherein individuals remember entire events that did not happen at all. Research had established that false memories can be consequential and emotional, that they can last for long periods of time, and that they are not merely the product of demand characteristics or the recovery of extant but hidden memories. These recent advances are discussed as extensions of earlier foundational research.
The memory wars and the birth of false memory researchIn the 1990s, false memory research was fueled by a great divide in psychology. In the early 1990s, a newly emerging field of trauma studies, created in response to a greater understanding of the prevalence of victimization of women and children, crashed headlong into an only slightly older field of eyewitness memory and in particular misinformation research, which had already established that human memory is prone to substantial errors than can wreak havoc on the justice system (Belli, 2012;Clancy, 2009;Davis & Loftus, 2007). Both groups saw themselves as defending victims and potential victims-for trauma studies practitioners and researchers (mostly psychotherapists and psychiatrists, but also a few experimentalists), the victims were the abused children and the adults they became; for eyewitness memory researchers (mostly academic psychologists, but also some skeptical clinicians), the victims were the falsely accused and the (mostly) women who came to believe falsely that they had suffered horribly as children.The lines were clearly drawn between these two groups by the mid-1990s, and the split is still apparent, even after nearly two decades of prolific research in this area