Psychotic-like experiences from adolescence to adulthood: A longitudinal study

Isaksson, Johan; Angenfelt, Max; Frick, Matilda A.; Olofsdotter, Susanne; Vadlin, Sofia

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2022.07.010

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Our results suggest that the longitudinal relationships between PLEs and SITBs differ between adolescent boys and girls. Our study found that girls have a higher prevalence of PLEs and SITBs compared to boys, which is consistent with prior research [34,35,47]. Moreover, after adjusting for PD, the bidirectional relationship between PLEs and SH remained signi cant only in girls, suggesting that the effects of PD on the relationships could be gender-speci c. Our results also suggest that while the bidirectional relationship of PLEs-SH is more robust in girls, the effect of SI on PLEs is only signi cant in boys.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Longitudinal relationships of psychotic-like experiences with suicidal ideation and self-harm in adolescents

Zhou

Foo

Nishida

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Research in adolescents suggests associations between psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs), but insights into their temporal relationship, which may inform prediction, have been limited. Psychological distress (PD; symptoms of depression and anxiety) has been related to both PLEs and SITBs, and may modulate this relationship. Given that PLEs have been linked to the development of several mental disorders, and the relationships between SITBs and suicide, it is important to better understand their relationship. Methods The present study sought to investigate these factors using a longitudinal school-based design. Adolescents (n = 1685, ages 12-18) completed annual self-report assessments (6 time points) on PLEs, SITBs (suicidal ideation (SI) and self-harm (SH)), as well as PD. The longitudinal associations between PLEs and SITBs were analyzed, employing two cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs), with and without adjustment for PD. Results Unadjusted CLPMs revealed significant bidirectional temporal associations between PLEs and SITBs (both SI and SH), suggesting that PLEs both predicted and were predicted by SITBs. When adjusting for PD, the effect of SI on PLEs remained significant, but not PLEs on SI; bidirectional associations between PLEs and SH also remained significant. Conclusion A bidirectional longitudinal relationship where both PLEs and SITBs can precede (and perhaps predict) each other was suggested in adolescents. PD may play a particular role in situations where PLEs are followed by SI. Heightened awareness about relationships between these phenotypes may be an important step towards facilitating timely interventions for both mental disorders and suicide.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Longitudinal relationships of psychotic-like experiences with suicidal ideation and self-harm in adolescents

Zhou

Foo

Nishida

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“… 37 , 38 Total scores of four or more indicate the presence of PLEs. 40 This study yielded Cronbach's α = 0.78 for the PLEQ, consistent with previous work. 38 , 41 Total PLEQ scores served as the outcome in our models.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Three-quarters (78.6%) of our sample reported any endorsement of PLEs in the past three months; 37.0% scored four or more, indicating the presence of PLEs. 40 On average, participants reported total PLEQ scores of 3.54/18 37 , 38 ( Table 1 ), doubling the average total PLEQ score reported by emerging adults in a recent (pre-pandemic) cohort study (1.64/18 in the past year). 40 Males ( M = 3.29, SD = 3.28) and females ( M = 3.65, SD = 3.26) did not differ significantly in PLEs ( P = 0.073), but there was significant variation by site (S3 > all others, P < 0.01).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Do Anxiety Symptoms Mediate the Association Between Cannabis Use Frequency and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Emerging Adult Undergraduates?

et al. 2023

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Objective Cannabis is commonly used by Canadian emerging adults (ages 18–25 years), many of whom attend post-secondary institutions. Frequent cannabis use is linked with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs); however, the exact nature of this association remains unclear. Anxiety symptoms may mediate this association, as they are prevalent in emerging adults and have been independently linked with both cannabis use and PLEs. Past work found that anxiety mediated the association between cannabis use frequency and attenuated positive psychotic symptoms (further along the psychosis continuum than PLEs), however this research had yet to be validated in the Canadian population, and trait rather than state anxiety (frequency of anxiety symptoms) was studied. Thus, our primary objective was to examine if anxiety symptoms mediated the association between cannabis use frequency and PLEs in Canadian emerging adult undergraduates. Despite known sex differences in cannabis use, expression of anxiety, and PLEs, past work did not evaluate the potential impact of biological sex on the anxiety-mediated model, and thus is the secondary objective of the present study. Methods 1,266 first-/second-year emerging adult undergraduates from five Canadian universities provided cross-sectional, self-report survey data in fall 2021 semester. Validated measures of cannabis use frequency, anxiety, and PLEs were administered. Results Path analyses supported mediation from cannabis use to PLEs through anxiety ( b = 0.07, P < 0.001, 95% bootstrap CI [0.03, 0.10]). No direct effect was found ( P = 0.457), suggesting that the cannabis-to-PLEs association was mediated by anxiety. Mediation did not depend on biological sex (i.e., bootstrapped 95% CIs crossed zero). Conclusions Anxiety symptoms mediated the association between cannabis use and PLEs in emerging adults regardless of their biological sex. Assuming replication in prospective research, results highlight anxiety as an important intervention target in frequent cannabis-using emerging adults, to potentially prevent development/worsening of PLEs, and in turn psychotic illness.

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“…Second, the psychotic‐like experiences were self‐reported by adolescents in Generation R, which may be subject to reporting bias because of a misinterpretation of the questions. Nevertheless, there is evidence from longitudinal population studies that self‐report assessments of psychotic‐like experiences during early adolescence are predictive for both psychotic‐like experiences and clinical diagnosis later in adulthood (Healy et al., 2019 ; Isaksson, Angenfelt, Frick, Olofsdotter, & Vadlin, 2022 ). Third, the 450 k array only covers 1.7% of the total number of CpGs in the human genome, compared with the EPIC array targeting approximately 850,000 sites (3% of total CpGs).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA methylation at birth and lateral ventricular volume in childhood: a neuroimaging epigenetics study

Luo

Walton

Neumann

et al. 2023

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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BackgroundLateral ventricular volume (LVV) enlargement has been repeatedly linked to schizophrenia; yet, what biological factors shape LVV during early development remain unclear. DNA methylation (DNAm), an essential process for neurodevelopment that is altered in schizophrenia, is a key molecular system of interest.MethodsIn this study, we conducted the first epigenome‐wide association study of neonatal DNAm in cord blood with LVV in childhood (measured using T1‐weighted brain scans at 10 years), based on data from a large population‐based birth cohort, the Generation R Study (N = 840). Employing both probe‐level and methylation profile score (MPS) approaches, we further examined whether epigenetic modifications identified at birth in cord blood are: (a) also observed cross‐sectionally in childhood using peripheral blood DNAm at age of 10 years (Generation R, N = 370) and (b) prospectively associated with LVV measured in young adulthood in an all‐male sample from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, N = 114).ResultsAt birth, DNAm levels at four CpGs (annotated to potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 3, KCTD3; SHH signaling and ciliogenesis regulator, SDCCAG8; glutaredoxin, GLRX) prospectively associated with childhood LVV after genome‐wide correction; these genes have been implicated in brain development and psychiatric traits including schizophrenia. An MPS capturing a broader epigenetic profile of LVV – but not individual top hits – showed significant cross‐sectional associations with LVV in childhood in Generation R and prospectively associated with LVV in early adulthood within ALSPAC.ConclusionsThis study finds suggestive evidence that DNAm at birth prospectively associates with LVV at different life stages, albeit with small effect sizes. The prediction of MPS on LVV in a childhood sample and an independent male adult sample further underscores the stability and reproducibility of DNAm as a potential marker for LVV. Future studies with larger samples and comparable time points across development are needed to further elucidate how DNAm associates with this clinically relevant brain structure and risk for neuropsychiatric disorders, and what factors explain the identified DNAm profile of LVV at birth.

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Psychotic-like experiences from adolescence to adulthood: A longitudinal study

Cited by 17 publications

References 51 publications

Longitudinal relationships of psychotic-like experiences with suicidal ideation and self-harm in adolescents

Longitudinal relationships of psychotic-like experiences with suicidal ideation and self-harm in adolescents

Do Anxiety Symptoms Mediate the Association Between Cannabis Use Frequency and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Emerging Adult Undergraduates?

DNA methylation at birth and lateral ventricular volume in childhood: a neuroimaging epigenetics study

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