Psychotomimetic and Cognitive Effects of Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol in Laboratory Settings

Cahill, John D.; Gupta, Swapnil; Cortes-Briones, Jose; Radhakrishnan, Rajiv; Sherif, Mohamed; D’Souza, Deepak Cyril

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804791-0.00004-5

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…It is conceivable that other routes of administration of THC, e.g., pulmonal inhalation or oral ingestion, may affect gene expression differently than IV THC. However, in this first study attempting to analyze the effects of cannabinoids on gene expression in humans, we chose to administer THC intravenously in order to control for a number of potential confounders such as inter-and intra-individual variability in the bioavailability of smoked cannabis or THC [19][20][21][22] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-cell Transcriptome Mapping Identifies Common and Cell-type Specific Genes Affected by Acute Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in Humans

Ranganathan

Shu

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is known to modulate immune response in peripheral blood cells. The mechanisms of THC's effects on gene expression in human immune cells remains poorly understood. Combining a within-subject design with single cell transcriptome mapping, we report that THC acutely alters gene expression in 15,973 blood cells. We identified 294 transcriptome-wide significant genes among eight cell types including 69 common genes and 225 cell-type-specific genes affected by THC administration, including those genes involving in immune response, cytokine production, cell proliferation and apoptosis. We revealed distinct transcriptomic sub-clusters affected by THC in major immune cell types where THC perturbed cell-type-specific intracellular gene expression correlations. Gene set enrichment analysis further supports the findings of THC's common and cell-typespecific effects on immune response and cell toxicity. This comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic profiling provides important insights into THC's acute effects on immune function that may have important medical implications.

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confidence: 99%

Single-cell Transcriptome Mapping Identifies Common and Cell-type Specific Genes Affected by Acute Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in Humans

Ranganathan

Shu

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The principal psychoactive ingredient in cannabis—tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)—acts upon CB 1 cannabinoid receptors in the brain ( 8 , 12 ) and the cannabinoid system that they comprise, in turn, interacts with dopaminergic and other neurotransmitters systems that have been implicated in the production of psychotic symptoms ( 12 ). When THC is given under double blind conditions, it also produces dose related increases in psychotic symptoms in persons who do and do not have a psychosis ( 13 , 14 ). Cannabis users who develop schizophrenia have a worse clinical course, if they continue to use cannabis than do peers with a psychotic illness who cease using cannabis ( 15 , 16 ).…”

Section: The Case For a Contributory Causal Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing policy-biased appraisals of the evidence on cannabis and psychosis

Hall

2023

Front. Psychiatry

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“…The onset of cannabinoid effects depends on the route of administration, with effects emerging within a few minutes with the inhaled route, but taking much longer (60À90 minutes) after oral consumption. 14 The duration of these effects are highly variable, but typically last for 2 (inhaled) to 4 hours (oral). 14,15 The acute psychiatric effects of cannabinoids have greater likelihood of occurrence and severity with higher doses and higher THC/CBD ratio and full agonists, such as SCs.…”

Section: Acute Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 The duration of these effects are highly variable, but typically last for 2 (inhaled) to 4 hours (oral). 14,15 The acute psychiatric effects of cannabinoids have greater likelihood of occurrence and severity with higher doses and higher THC/CBD ratio and full agonists, such as SCs. Why some healthy individuals are more vulnerable than others to acute psychiatric effects of cannabinoids is not entirely clear.…”

Section: Acute Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychiatric Consequences of Cannabinoids

Aquino

Sherif

Radhakrishnan

et al. 2018

Clinical Therapeutics

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With rising rates of cannabis use in the general population and an increasing number of US states legalizing both recreational and medical cannabis use, it is important to be informed about the adverse consequences of cannabinoids. This Commentary provides an overview of the psychiatric effects of plant-based and synthetic cannabinoids, differentiating acute effects from effects associated with persistent use. Cannabinoids produce multiphasic and dose-dependent effects on anxiety, mood, and perception, in addition to impairing cognition and psychomotor function. Generally, in healthy individuals, the acute negative psychiatric effects of cannabinoids are rated as milder in severity compared with those in individuals with pre-existing psychiatric disorders. With chronic exposure to cannabinoids, the probability of developing tolerance and dependence can increase. A problematic pattern of cannabis use can lead to clinically significant impairment and distress. Cessation of cannabis use in individuals who are tolerant and dependent can lead to a withdrawal syndrome. Studies report long-term cannabis exposure has been linked to psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, psychotic and mood disorders. Limitations to the existing evidence notwithstanding, the plausibility of a causal relationship between cannabinoid exposure and persistent negative psychiatric outcomes, and the potential for long-term brain changes by regular exposure, especially for adolescents, are sufficient to warrant discussions with clinicians and the public. Implications for clinicians who certify, prescribe, or care for patients receiving cannabinoids are discussed, and a case is made for further research to better understand the impact of legalization on public mental health.

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Psychotomimetic and Cognitive Effects of Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol in Laboratory Settings

Cited by 3 publications

References 175 publications

Single-cell Transcriptome Mapping Identifies Common and Cell-type Specific Genes Affected by Acute Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in Humans

Single-cell Transcriptome Mapping Identifies Common and Cell-type Specific Genes Affected by Acute Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in Humans

Minimizing policy-biased appraisals of the evidence on cannabis and psychosis

The Psychiatric Consequences of Cannabinoids

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