Psychrophiles as Sources for Bioinspiration in Biomineralization and Biological Materials Science

Ehrlich, Hermann; Nikolaev, Anton

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45340-8_1

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 396 publications

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“…The diffraction profile obtained from the equatorial direction ( I ( q ) versus q ; electronic supplementary material, figure S1b) and Kratky plot thereof ( q 2 · I ( q ) versus q ; electronic supplementary material, figure S1c) exhibited two peaks at 0.0067 and 0.0115 Å −1 , indicating the periodicity of 90 and 55 nm, respectively. These do not arise from the chitin nanofibres themselves but from the previously reported uniaxially aligned sulfur-rich columns in the scale, mostly 100–150 nm in diameter with some at 50 nm or less [ 17 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results also show that about 95% of the scale is not comprised of chitin. From gene expression analyses of the scaly-foot snail [ 17 ], we know that the paralogues of the chitin-binding peritrophin-A were especially highly expressed in the scale-secreting epithelium, indicating the protein product(s) of this gene is likely a major component of the other 95%. How exactly the gene product(s) interact with chitin to form the final sclerite structure, however, warrants future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many cases, these hard parts are chitinous and animals also modify and co-opt chitin synthesis pathways from existing hard parts to produce the new morphological features—often with very different appearances and novel functions [ 16 ]. Unravelling the chemical and structural properties of chitinous scaffolds in such hard parts is expected to provide new insights to their uses [ 17 – 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uniaxial orientation of β-chitin nanofibres used as an organic framework in the scales of a hot vent snail

Isobe

Chen

Daicho

et al. 2022

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Organisms use various forms and orientations of chitin nanofibres to make structures with a wide range of functions, from insect wings to mussel shells. Lophotrochozoan animals such as snails and annelid worms possess an ancient ‘biomineralization toolkit’, enabling them to flexibly and rapidly evolve unique hard parts. The scaly-foot snail is a gastropod endemic to deep-sea hydrothermal vents, unique in producing dermal sclerites used as sites of sulfur detoxification. Once considered to be strictly proteinaceous, recent data pointed to the presence of chitin in these sclerites, but direct evidence is still lacking. Here, we show that β-chitin fibres (approx. 5% of native weight) are indeed the building framework, through a combination of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy. The fibres are uniaxially oriented, likely forming a structural basis for column-like channels into which the scaly-foot snail is known to actively secrete sulfur waste—expanding the known function of chitinous hard parts in animals. Our results add to the existing evidence that animals are capable of modifying and co-opting chitin synthesis pathways flexibly and rapidly, in order to serve novel functions during their evolution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Uniaxial orientation of β-chitin nanofibres used as an organic framework in the scales of a hot vent snail

Isobe

Chen

Daicho

et al. 2022

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…By EDS and FT-IR, the trace of phosphate was detected in shells of deep-sea limpet E. crystallina, but not in shallow-water limpet C. toreuma. Therefore, these exhaustive investigations on E. crystallina shells will give insight into shell microstructures and chemical compositions of deep-sea limpets, providing a wide range of possibilities for limpet living environments, shell formation mechanism, origin of invertebrate marine biomaterials, forced biomineralization, and extreme biomimetics (Li et al, 2015;Ehrlich and Nikolaev, 2017;Ehrlich, 2019;Lomovasky et al, 2020;Ehrlich et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An insight into the microstructures and composition of 2,700 m-depth deep-sea limpet shells

et al. 2022

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Structural and physiochemical properties contribute to the biological adaptation of deep-sea animals to their harsh living environment but have hardly been investigated systematically. In the present study, we for the first time applied various material characterization techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to investigate the shell microstructures and chemical composition of a deep-sea limpet Eulepetopsis crystallina collected from the Tiancheng hydrothermal vent field at a depth of around 2,700 m in the Southwest Indian Ocean. Analyses of shell microstructural morphology and diffraction patterns of E. crystallina explicitly revealed the layered structures, exfoliation characteristics, and crystallographic orientation of each layer’s unit cell which was tilted at a small angle sequentially. In comparison with ordinary shallow-water limpet Cellana toreuma shells, E. crystallina shells showed a unique chemical composition and contained pure calcite of calcium carbonate polymorph and the trace of phosphate originated from regional phosphatic sediments of the Southwest Indian Ocean. The further microscopic analyses indicated that the shell of the deep-sea limpet E. crystallina features integrated and untruncated layer structures with a compressed width, possibly owning to the ultra-high hydrostatic pressure, which confirmed the effects of the living environment on the shell microstructure of deep-sea animals.

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“…Biomineralization refers to the biological processes by which organisms form minerals. Usually, these materials are formed to provide the structural support or mineral deposits and are found in a broad range of organisms from bacteria, to invertebrates, to vertebrates including humans . However, the term biomineral not only means that the mineral was produced under the biological control, but also refers to the fact that it consists of organic and inorganic fractions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional derivatives of human dentin matrix protein 1 modulate morphology of calcium carbonate crystals

et al. 2020

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Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is an acidic, extracellular matrix protein essential for biomineralization of calcium phosphate, in bone and dentin. It is proteolytically processed into two fragments, 44K and 56K. Recently, the presence of DMP1 was noticed in inner ear, specifically in otoconia, which are calcium carbonate biominerals involved in sensing of balance. In this study, the solution structure and biomineralization activity of otoconial 44K and 56K fragments toward calcium carbonate were investigated. The results of analytical ultracentrifugation, circular dichroism, and gel filtration indicated that DMP1 fragments are disordered in solution. Notably, 56K formed oligomers in the presence of calcium ions. It was also observed that both fragments influenced the crystal growth by in vitro biomineralization assay and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, they sequester the calcium ions during the calcite formation. Calcium carbonate crystals precipitated in vitro changed their size and shape in the presence of DMP1 fragments. Oligomerization propensity of 56K may significantly enhance this function. Our study indicates that intrinsically disordered DMP1 has a previously unknown regulatory function for biomineralization of otoconia.

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Psychrophiles as Sources for Bioinspiration in Biomineralization and Biological Materials Science

Cited by 8 publications

References 396 publications

Uniaxial orientation of β-chitin nanofibres used as an organic framework in the scales of a hot vent snail

Uniaxial orientation of β-chitin nanofibres used as an organic framework in the scales of a hot vent snail

An insight into the microstructures and composition of 2,700 m-depth deep-sea limpet shells

Functional derivatives of human dentin matrix protein 1 modulate morphology of calcium carbonate crystals

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