Psychroserpens burtonensis gen. nov., sp. nov., and Gelidibacter algens gen. nov., sp. nov., Psychrophilic Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Lacustrine and Sea Ice Habitats

Bowman, JP; McCammon, Sharee A.; Brown, Janelle; Nichols, Peter D.; McMeekin, TA

doi:10.1099/00207713-47-3-670

Cited by 165 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Bacteroides (Paster et al, 1994), Psychroserpens, Gelidibacter (Bowman et al, 1997), Polaribacter (Gosink et al, 1998) and Psychroflexus (Bowman et al, 1998). Common to all these genera is the relatively low GjC content of their genomic DNA (27-47 mol %).…”

Section: S Buczolits and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of three airborne bacteria and proposal of Hymenobacter aerophilus sp. nov.

Buczolits¹,

Denner²,

Vybiral³

et al. 2002

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

102

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Section: S Buczolits and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of three airborne bacteria and proposal of Hymenobacter aerophilus sp. nov.

Buczolits¹,

Denner²,

Vybiral³

et al. 2002

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

102

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“…Among the sea ice bacteria, for example, are some of the most psychrophilic organisms so far described. The attention of research groups in Australia and the United States on sea ice communities in recent years has led to many new bacterial genera and species descriptions: Polaromonas (233), Gelidobacter and Psychroserpens (46), Octadecobacter (181), Colwellia spp. (45), Polaribacter (182), Psychroflexus (47), and "Iceobacter" (422).…”

Section: Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Search and Discovery Strategies for Biotechnology: the Paradigm Shift

Bull

Ward

Goodfellow

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

418

250

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SUMMARY Profound changes are occurring in the strategies that biotechnology-based industries are deploying in the search for exploitable biology and to discover new products and develop new or improved processes. The advances that have been made in the past decade in areas such as combinatorial chemistry, combinatorial biosynthesis, metabolic pathway engineering, gene shuffling, and directed evolution of proteins have caused some companies to consider withdrawing from natural product screening. In this review we examine the paradigm shift from traditional biology to bioinformatics that is revolutionizing exploitable biology. We conclude that the reinvigorated means of detecting novel organisms, novel chemical structures, and novel biocatalytic activities will ensure that natural products will continue to be a primary resource for biotechnology. The paradigm shift has been driven by a convergence of complementary technologies, exemplified by DNA sequencing and amplification, genome sequencing and annotation, proteome analysis, and phenotypic inventorying, resulting in the establishment of huge databases that can be mined in order to generate useful knowledge such as the identity and characterization of organisms and the identity of biotechnology targets. Concurrently there have been major advances in understanding the extent of microbial diversity, how uncultured organisms might be grown, and how expression of the metabolic potential of microorganisms can be maximized. The integration of information from complementary databases presents a significant challenge. Such integration should facilitate answers to complex questions involving sequence, biochemical, physiological, taxonomic, and ecological information of the sort posed in exploitable biology. The paradigm shift which we discuss is not absolute in the sense that it will replace established microbiology; rather, it reinforces our view that innovative microbiology is essential for releasing the potential of microbial diversity for biotechnology penetration throughout industry. Various of these issues are considered with reference to deep-sea microbiology and biotechnology.

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“…The physical states of lipids extracted from samples grown at stressful a w values at the boundaries of the normal physiological range exhibited no abrupt gel-liquid phase transitions when the lipids were analyzed as liposomes. Lipid packing and adaptational fatty acid composition responses are clearly influenced by differences in the temperature-salinity regime, which are reflected in overall cell function characteristics, such as the growth rate and the normal physiological range for growth.Antarctic sea ice is characterized by the presence of a unique bacterial community that is dominated by psychrophilic bacteria (2,3,12). Nichols et al (25) have discussed the potential role of the temperature-salinity regime in selecting psychrophilic bacteria in sea ice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antarctic sea ice is characterized by the presence of a unique bacterial community that is dominated by psychrophilic bacteria (2,3,12). Nichols et al (25) have discussed the potential role of the temperature-salinity regime in selecting psychrophilic bacteria in sea ice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Temperature and Salinity Stress on Growth and Lipid Composition of Shewanella gelidimarina

Nichols¹,

Olley²,

Garda

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The maximum growth temperature, the optimal growth temperature, and the estimated normal physiological range for growth of Shewanella gelidimarina are functions of water activity (a w ), which can be manipulated by changing the concentration of sodium chloride. The growth temperatures at the boundaries of the normal physiological range for growth were characterized by increased variability in fatty acid composition. Under hyper-and hypoosmotic stress conditions at an a w of 0.993 (1.0% [wt/vol] NaCl) and at an a w of 0.977 (4.0% [wt/vol] NaCl) the proportion of certain fatty acids (monounsaturated and branched-chain fatty acids) was highly regulated and was inversely related to the growth rate over the entire temperature range. The physical states of lipids extracted from samples grown at stressful a w values at the boundaries of the normal physiological range exhibited no abrupt gel-liquid phase transitions when the lipids were analyzed as liposomes. Lipid packing and adaptational fatty acid composition responses are clearly influenced by differences in the temperature-salinity regime, which are reflected in overall cell function characteristics, such as the growth rate and the normal physiological range for growth.Antarctic sea ice is characterized by the presence of a unique bacterial community that is dominated by psychrophilic bacteria (2,3,12). Nichols et al. (25) have discussed the potential role of the temperature-salinity regime in selecting psychrophilic bacteria in sea ice. It has been suggested that understanding the physiological response of psychrophilic bacteria to combined temperature-salinity stress is very important for understanding the bacterial sea ice community. The importance of fluctuations in salinity that affect the composition of microbial populations in estuarine and brackish water ecosystems has been recognized (7, 30), and such fluctuations are very important when the survival and viability of psychrophilic marine bacteria are considered (12,20,21,34). Changes in salinity similar to those observed in estuarine and brackish water environments also occur in Antarctic coastal waters and sea ice and are associated with the annual ice formation and melting cycle. However, researchers have attempted to relate changes in physicochemical parameters to a physiological mechanism for growth in only a few studies of psychrophilic bacteria (8,11,21,26,35).Workers have proposed a number of models to describe the effect of temperature and/or salinity on bacterial growth. Most of these models are empirical and seek solely to summarize observations of bacterial growth under various conditions. Many are based on the Arrhenius equation and utilize Arrhenius kinetics to describe bacterial growth in response to temperature. The concept of a normal physiological range (NPR) for bacterial growth is derived from modelling of the bacterial growth rate by using Arrhenius models. Over a defined range of temperature, the growth rates of all bacteria obey Arrhenius kinetics, and this temperature range is desig...

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Psychroserpens burtonensis gen. nov., sp. nov., and Gelidibacter algens gen. nov., sp. nov., Psychrophilic Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Lacustrine and Sea Ice Habitats

Cited by 165 publications

References 17 publications

Classification of three airborne bacteria and proposal of Hymenobacter aerophilus sp. nov.

Classification of three airborne bacteria and proposal of Hymenobacter aerophilus sp. nov.

Search and Discovery Strategies for Biotechnology: the Paradigm Shift

Effect of Temperature and Salinity Stress on Growth and Lipid Composition of Shewanella gelidimarina

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