Psyllium improves dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and hypertension, while guar gum reduces body weight more rapidly in patients affected by metabolic syndrome following an AHA Step 2 diet

Cicero, Arrigo F G; Derosa, Giuseppe; Bove, Marilisa; Imola, Fabrizio; Borghi, Claudio; Gaddi, Antonio Vittorino

doi:10.1007/s12349-009-0056-1

Cited by 63 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…psyllium) before meals improves glycemic control (lower fasting blood glucose, insulin and HbA1c concentrations) in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes (e.g. metabolic syndrome) and patients being treated for type 2 diabetes [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] . It is important to note that consumption of viscous fiber will not cause blood glucose concentrations to drop below normal limits (hypoglycemia), because the suppression of glucagon by GLP-1 does not occur at hypoglycemic levels.…”

Section: Small Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…psyllium) on glycemic control are a function of a subject's baseline glycemic control: the higher the baseline value for fasting blood glucose concentration, the greater the clinical benefit of viscous fiber: no significant effect on normal blood glucose concentrations in healthy subjects with normal glycemic control [17][18][19][20] , a moderate effect in patients with pre-diabetes / metabolic syndrome [e.g. -19.8 mg/dL for psyllium 3.5 g bid; -9 mg/dL for guar gum 3.5 g bid [21] ] and a larger effect in patients with type 2 diabetes [e.g. psyllium,…”

Section: Small Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with glycemic control, the viscosity of a soluble fiber is a better predictor of efficacy for cholesterol lowering than quantity of fiber [17] . A PubMed search of the terms 'psyllium' and 'cholesterol' yielded 160 published articles, of which 21 were randomized, well-controlled clinical studies (totaling 1,568 subjects) that assessed the efficacy of psyllium (6-15 g/day; most studies 10 g/day) for lowering serum cholesterol [18,20,21,27,28,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] . Overall, these 21 studies show that total cholesterol was decreased 2% to 20% versus placebo, and LDL-cholesterol was decreased 6% to 24% versus placebo.…”

Section: Small Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Federation estimates that ¼ of adults worldwide have Metabolic Syndrome [54] . A 6-month study conducted in Italy assessed the clinical benefits of two soluble viscous fibers in 141 patients with metabolic syndrome [21] . In this randomized, controlled clinical study, patients were fed an American Heart Association step-2 diet alone, or the same diet supplemented with psyllium or guar gum (3.5 g twice a day with breakfast and dinner).…”

Section: Small Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of gastrointestinal physiology and the mechanisms underlying the health benefits of dietary fiber: Matching an effective fiber with specific patient needs

McRorie¹,

Fahey²

2013

Clinical Nursing Studies

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A primary function of the gastrointestinal tract is to provide the body with water, electrolytes and nutrients. It accomplishes this by ingestion, mechanical shearing, mixing and movement of the food through the gastrointestinal tract (motor events), secretion of digestive juices (≈ 6 liters per day) for degradation of complex nutrients into simple nutrients (e.g. complex carbohydrate into simple sugars), absorption of simple nutrients, water and electrolytes, and bacterial degradation of residue in the large bowel / elimination of waste. The small bowel is ≈ 7 meters long with a mucosa that is studded with millions of villi (each with microvilli), giving the small bowel a surface area approximately the size of a tennis court. Most digestion/absorption normally occurs early in the proximal small bowel. Non-digested/absorbed chyme arrives as a liquid in the cecum, and, under normal conditions, is gradually dehydrated as it slowly passes through the large bowel until it is eliminated as formed stool. Different types of dietary fiber can exert specific mechanical effects on each of these gastrointestinal functions, which can lead to local benefits (e.g. relief of constipation) as well as systemic benefits (e.g. cholesterol lowering, improved glycemic control). Three characteristics of fiber (solubility, viscosity and fermentation) are predictive of the health benefits of different fiber types. Based on these three characteristics, dietary fiber can be divided into four clinically meaningful designations that support recommendations to address the specific healthcare needs of each patient. This review will describe the four clinically meaningful designations for dietary fiber, and provide a summary of the clinical studies that support the health benefits for each.

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Section: Small Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Small Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Small Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Small Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A review of gastrointestinal physiology and the mechanisms underlying the health benefits of dietary fiber: Matching an effective fiber with specific patient needs

McRorie¹,

Fahey²

2013

Clinical Nursing Studies

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“…Cicero y cols. demostraron un descenso del índice de masa muscular (IMC) tras 6 meses de tratamiento con psyllium y goma guar (56).…”

Section: Diabetes Mellitus Dislipemia Y Obesidadunclassified

Utilidad en la clínica de la goma guar parcialmente hidrolizada: revisión de la evidencia y experiencia

et al. 2017

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Introducción: la fibra dietética es un componente importante de la dieta humana. Cada tipo de fibra tiene efectos específicos a nivel metabólico y en el funcionamiento gastrointestinal, por lo que en cada patología concreta habremos de elegir la fibra óptima teniendo en cuenta sus propiedades químicas, físicas y fisiológicas.Objetivo: encuadrar la goma guar parcialmente hidrolizada en su lugar en el complejo marco de la fibra dietética, revisar sus propiedades físico-químicas y posibles mecanismos de acción; así como su potencial utilidad en distintas situaciones clínicas en pacientes adultos.Métodos: revisión no sistemática en Medline.Resultados:la goma guar parcialmente hidrolizada (GGPH) se obtiene a partir de una hidrólisis enzimática parcial de la goma guar mediantela enzima β-endo-mananasa. Se trata de una fibra soluble, altamente fermentable y de baja viscosidad. La fermentación de la GGPH a nivel colónico produce ácidos grasos de cadena corta, implicados en los principales mecanismos fisiopatólogicos responsables de sus efectos a nivel clínico. Su uso en la diarrea asociada a la nutrición enteral está avalada por diversos estudios y por la recomendaciones de sociedades científicas como la European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism y la American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Se ha estudiado la utilidad de la GGPH en otras muchas situaciones clínicas, como diabetes, hipercolesterolemia, sobrecrecimiento bacteriano, etc. con resultados prometedores. Conclusiones: la GGPH es útil en el manejo de la diarrea asociada a nutrición enteral. Respecto a otras situaciones clínicas, serían necesarios más estudios de calidad para poder hacer recomendaciones concretas.

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Dietary fibre for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Hartley

May

Loveman³

et al. 2016

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

115

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Studies were short term and therefore did not report on our primary outcomes, CVD clinical events. The pooled analyses for CVD risk factors suggest reductions in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol with increased fibre intake, and reductions in diastolic blood pressure. There were no obvious effects of subgroup analyses by type of intervention or fibre type but the number of studies included in each of these analyses were small. Risk of bias was unclear in the majority of studies and high for some quality domains so results need to be interpreted cautiously. There is a need for longer term, well-conducted RCTs to determine the effects of fibre type (soluble versus insoluble) and administration (supplements versus foods) on CVD events and risk factors for the primary prevention of CVD.

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Psyllium improves dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and hypertension, while guar gum reduces body weight more rapidly in patients affected by metabolic syndrome following an AHA Step 2 diet

Cited by 63 publications

References 37 publications

A review of gastrointestinal physiology and the mechanisms underlying the health benefits of dietary fiber: Matching an effective fiber with specific patient needs

A review of gastrointestinal physiology and the mechanisms underlying the health benefits of dietary fiber: Matching an effective fiber with specific patient needs

Utilidad en la clínica de la goma guar parcialmente hidrolizada: revisión de la evidencia y experiencia

Dietary fibre for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

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