Pt Decorated Ti3C2Tx MXene with NIR-II Light Amplified Nanozyme Catalytic Activity for Efficient Phototheranostics

therapy (PDT) that involve malignant cells apoptosis through heat or reactive oxygen species (ROS) response under light irradiation has garnered tremendous interest. [4][5][6][7] Accompanying PTT procedure, photothermal imaging (PTI) capability can be afforded by a thermal imaging system via the capture of thermal signal, that allows real-time monitoring towards tumors benefiting from the prominent temperature sensitivity of PTI. [8] Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is another light-triggered diagnosis method that enables deep tissue-penetration with remarkably high spatial resolution, but suffers from low sensitivity. [9][10][11] As a complement, fluorescence imaging (FLI) essentially possesses incomparable sensitivity, accuracy, visibility, and simplicity, presenting considerable superiority in precise tumor diagnosis. [12,13] Evidently, the exploration of versatile nanoplatform comprising high-performance phototheranostic components is unambiguously conducive in potent cancer theranostics but remains a great challenge.As emerging 2D materials, early-transition-metal carbides (MXenes) have been recognized as distinctive materials for PTT applications, [14,15] mainly because nano-sized MXenes can not only be utilized as excellent nanoplatform for nanomedicine applications, but also exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE). For example, as typical MXenes, Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets (NSs) exhibit a high PCE of more than 40%, [16,17] which outperforms a great majority of Inspired by the excellent photothermal conversion ability and inherent nanomedicine platform property of MXenes, efficient reactive oxygen species production and prominent fluorescence emission feature of aggregationinduced emission (AIE)-active photosensitizers (PSs), as well as the extending excitation wavelength capability of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a versatile nanoplatform comprised ofTi 3 C 2 nanosheets (NSs), AIE-active PSs and UCNPs is intelligently fabricated. This three-pronged strategy takes advantages of each component simultaneously, and realizes fluorescence imaging/photoacoustic imaging/photothermal imaging triple-modal imagingguided photothermal/photodynamic synergetic therapy under 808 nm laser irradiation. The introduction of UCNPs actualizes the long wavelength-activation of AIE-active PSs, which significantly increases the tissue penetration depth. Spatially isolation of AIE-active PSs and Ti 3 C 2 NSs is beneficial for suppressing the fluorescence quenching effect of Ti 3 C 2 NSs, bringing about ultimately brilliant fluorescence. The covalently bonded polymer surface endows the nanoplatform with excellent physiological stability and efficient tumor accumulation. These outputs reveal a win-win cooperation of multiple inorganic/organic nanocomposites for phototheranostics, and present great potential for future clinical translations.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202200393.

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“…[ 21 ] Thus, there is no doubt that MXenes are great candidates for establishing multi‐modal phototheranostics system. [ 22,23 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21] Thus, there is no doubt that MXenes are great candidates for establishing multi-modal phototheranostics system. [22,23] However, the exploitation and development of MXenes in multi-modal phototheranostics system are nowhere near enough. First, non-quantum-dot-sized MXenes are intrinsically non-fluorescent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐Pronged Attack by Hybrid Nanoplatform Involving MXenes, Upconversion Nanoparticle and Aggregation‐Induced Emission Photosensitizer for Potent Cancer Theranostics

et al. 2022

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“…Recently, a variety of on-demand near-infrared (NIR)-activated plasmonic NTA composed of metal nanomaterials (gold, platinum, palladium, copper, manganese, silver) had shown promising anticancer activity attributed to their photothermal and photodynamic properties. The metal nanoparticles efficiently convert light energy into highly localized heat energy (photothermal therapy) via a phenomenon known as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) to destroy cancer cells and minimize collateral damage to adjacent normal tissues ( He et al, 2021a ; Cai et al, 2021 ; Shan et al, 2021 ; Shanmugam et al, 2021 ; Zhu et al, 2022 ). Plasmonic gold NTA-mediated photothermal therapy has also been tested in combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy to achieve synergistic tumor inhibition in the 4T1 tumor model ( Zhang et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, plasmonic NTA also possesses the ability to utilize light energy to generate reactive oxygen species (photodynamic therapy) for the destruction of tumors ( He et al, 2021b ; Chen et al, 2021 ; Shanmugam et al, 2021 ). In addition, plasmonic NTA enables real-time visualization of the tumor and precise tracking of NTA in the tumors via photoacoustic imaging to facilitate image-guided treatment ( He et al, 2021a ; Shan et al, 2021 ; Shanmugam et al, 2021 ; Zhu et al, 2022 ). These temporal and spatial information will provide guidance for physicians to optimize and tailor the treatment regimen for each patient to achieve personalized medicine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Nanotheranostics for 5-Fluorouracil in Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review on Efficacy, Safety, and Diagnostic Capability

et al. 2022

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The conventional concept of using nanocarriers to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs has advanced to accommodate additional diagnostic capability. Nanotheranostic agents (NTA), combining both treatment and diagnostic tools, are an ideal example of engineering-health integration for cancer management. Owing to the diverse materials used to construct NTAs, their safety, effectiveness, and diagnostic accuracy could vary substantially. This systematic review consolidated current NTAs incorporating 5-fluorouracil and elucidated their toxicity, anticancer efficacy, and imaging capability. Medline and Embase databases were searched up to March 18, 2022. The search, selection, and extraction were performed by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure completeness and reproducibility. Original research papers involving 5-fluorouracil in the preparation of nanoparticles which reported their efficacy, toxicity, and diagnostic capability in animal cancer models were recruited. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADES) checklist. Nine studies were eligible for the systematic review. There was no significant toxicity reported based on animal weight and organ histology. Complete tumor remission was observed in several animal models using chemo-thermal ablation with NTAs, proving the enhancement of 5-fluorouracil efficacy. In terms of imaging performance, the time to achieve maximum tumor image intensity correlates with the presence of targeting ligand on NTAs. The NTAs, which are composed of tumor-targeting ligands, hold promises for further development. Based on the input of current NTA research on cancer, this review proposed a checklist of parameters to recommend researchers for their future NTA testing, especially in animal cancer studies.Systematic Review Registration: website, identifier registration number.

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“…The nanosheets could elevate the temperature at tumor loci when irradiated by NIR‐II light, which promoted both direct photothermal cancer cell ablation and the efficiency of Pt‐mediated catalysis for amplified cytotoxicity. [ 29 ]…”

Section: Nps As Mimics Of Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein‐Mimicking Nanoparticles in Biosystems

Fan

2022

Advanced Materials

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Up to now, most protein-mimicking NPs can be classified into one of the four categories: 1) enzyme-like catalytic activities have been identified among a wide variety of nanomaterials including noble-metal-, metal-oxide-, carbon-, and metal-organic framework (MOF)-based nanozymes. Similar to engineered enzymes, the catalytic properties of nanozymes can be finetuned by the change of composition and surface modification. In addition, dual-or multiple-enzyme mimetic activities can be integrated into one type of NPs. [3,4] 2) Fluorescent NPs such as quantum dots (QDs), upconversion NPs (UCNPs), aggregation-induced emission (AIE) NPs, and semiconducting polymer NPs (SPNPs)/polymer dots (Pdots), can serve as attractive alternatives or even better replacement of fluorescent proteins, bringing broader benefits for bioimaging and light-activated therapy. NPs of this category possess high fluorescence intensity, tunable fluorescence wavelengths, and high photostability. These unique optical properties make them ideal fluorophores for long-term tracking and simultaneous monitoring of multiple biological species. [5] Moreover, some types of fluorescent NPs can be tuned to emit in the near-infrared (NIR) window, providing great advantages for deep-tissue imaging. [6] 3) More and more studies reveal that certain types of NPs show high affinity binding to specific proteins or DNA sequences. Such interaction leads to the utilization of NPs for protein or DNA recognition, and may actively alter cellular signaling and communication when introduced into living systems. [7,8] Alternatively, the DNA binding capacity can be used for the docking of DNA strands for the assembly of supramolecular structures. [9] 4) The bottom-up construction of NPs has created a diversity of nanostructures with close similarities in both morphology and function to natural protein scaffolds. NPs based on DNA strands, polymers, or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can form membrane-embedded hollow structures (nanopores) analogous to biological ion channels. Extracellular or intracellular scaffold-mimicking NPs have been designed to mediate cell-cell contact, communication, and signaling cascade. [10,11] Besides, curved nanostructures can mimic membrane sculpting proteins to mediate membrane extrusion or invagination. [12,13] Compared with natural proteins, the abovementioned categories of protein-mimicking NPs are cost-efficient, physically, and chemically stable, and can be constructed with more versatility for translating into a broad range of applications.Proteins are essential elements for almost all life activities. The emergence of nanotechnology offers innovative strategies to create a diversity of nanoparticles (NPs) with intrinsic capacities of mimicking the functions of proteins. These artificial mimics are produced in a cost-efficient and controllable manner, with their protein-mimicking performances comparable or superior to those of natural proteins. Moreover, they can be endowed with additional functionalities that are absent in natural proteins, such ...

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Pt Decorated Ti₃C₂T_x MXene with NIR-II Light Amplified Nanozyme Catalytic Activity for Efficient Phototheranostics

Cited by 217 publications

References 61 publications

Three‐Pronged Attack by Hybrid Nanoplatform Involving MXenes, Upconversion Nanoparticle and Aggregation‐Induced Emission Photosensitizer for Potent Cancer Theranostics

Three‐Pronged Attack by Hybrid Nanoplatform Involving MXenes, Upconversion Nanoparticle and Aggregation‐Induced Emission Photosensitizer for Potent Cancer Theranostics

Emerging Nanotheranostics for 5-Fluorouracil in Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review on Efficacy, Safety, and Diagnostic Capability

Protein‐Mimicking Nanoparticles in Biosystems

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