Pt–NiO/C anode electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells

Amin, R.S.; Hameed, R.M. Abdel; El–Khatib, K.M.; Youssef, M. Elsayed; Elzatahry, Ahmed A.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2011.11.013

Cited by 82 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…2,3 Methanol is considered as an excellent energy source for fuel cells because of its relatively high energy density (6.09 kWh kg À1 ), ease of storage and delivery as well as its low cost synthesis from abundant natural gas resources. 4,5 Previous studies of methanol oxidation have been performed using anode catalysts such as carbon-supported platinum (Pt) modied with ceria, 6 platinum, 6 platinumnickel oxide on carbon, 7,8 and Pt modied with rubidium. Pt-based catalysts, oen designed with supported nanosized Pt particles for increased effective catalytic surface areas, are one category of the most studied electrocatalyts for direct methanol fuel cells due to their high catalytic activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of nanostructured ceria support on platinum nanoparticles for methanol electrooxidation in alkaline media

et al. 2014

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The catalytic activity of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) towards methanol electrooxidation in alkaline media was demonstrated to be dependent on their interactions with their nanostructured ceria support. Ceria nanorods (NRs) with diameters of 5 to 10 nm and lengths of 15 to 50 nm as well as ceria NPs with diameters of 2 to 6 nm were applied as supports for similarly sized Pt NPs with diameters of 2 to 5 nm.Cyclic voltammetry data showed that Pt NPs supported on ceria NPs exhibited a 2-to-5-fold higher catalytic current density versus ceria NRs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic data indicated that Pt NPs deposited onto ceria NRs were disproportionally composed of oxidized species (Pt

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of nanostructured ceria support on platinum nanoparticles for methanol electrooxidation in alkaline media

et al. 2014

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“…In the last 40 years, a lot of interest has been focused on the viability of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) as an effective power source in transportation and portable electronic devices [1]. The use of methanol as a fuel has several advantages such as: the energy density of methanol is twice that gained from the liquid hydrogen, rapid start up and operation, methanol is a liquid at normal ambient temperatures, thus it can be easily and inexpensively stored and transported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ni nanoparticle modified graphite electrode for methanol electrocatalytic oxidation in alkaline media

2014

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Ni nanoparticles with an electroless procedure were deposited on the graphite rod, and the performance of the proposed electrode was evaluated for electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol in alkaline media. The structure and morphology of the electrode surface were examined with X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Voltammetric and amperometric studies indicated that the onset potential of the methanol oxidation is low (0.42 V) and the electrode stability is good. In addition to these advantages, due to ease of preparation and low cost, it can be used as an anode in methanol fuel cells.

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Section: -4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of acidic MOR studies on Pt-Ni alloys have focused on carbon-supported nanoparticles (on occasion unsupported) or electrodeposited films, finding an improvement to the peak activity, a shift in the onset to a lower potential, or improved activity in potential holds compared to carbonsupported Pt nanoparticles or Pt films. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Pt-Ni or Pt-Ni-Ru alloys have also shown improved activity compared to Pt-Ru nanoparticles or films.14-17 Pt-Ni alloys, or the inclusion of Ni oxide, have also been used to beneficially lower the potential for carbon monoxide oxidation. 18,19 These findings, however, are not universally consistent as other studies have found no effect, or a negative effect, on the inclusion of Ni in Pt MOR catalysts.…”

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Platinum Nickel Nanowires as Methanol Oxidation Electrocatalysts

Alia

Pylypenko

Neyerlin

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Platinum (Pt) nickel (Ni) nanowires (PtNiNWs) are investigated as methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) catalysts in rotating disk electrode (RDE) half-cells under acidic conditions. Pt-ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles have long been the state of the art MOR catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) where Ru provides oxophilic sites, lowering the potential for carbon monoxide oxidation and the MOR onset. Ru, however, is a precious metal that has long term durability concerns. Ni/Ni oxide species offer a potential to replace Ru in MOR electrocatalysis. PtNiNWs were investigated for MOR and oxygen annealing was investigated as a route to improve catalyst performance (mass activity 65% greater) and stability to potential cycling. The results presented show that PtNiNWs offer significant promise in the area, but also result in Ni ion leaching that is a concern requiring further evaluation in fuel cells. These materials have shown exceptional oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mass activities and promising durability in rotating disk electrode (RDE) studies. These materials are also of interest in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications as a potential replacement for standard Pt-ruthenium (Ru) methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) catalysts.High catalyst loadings and relatively high overpotential losses have limited the commercial viability of DMFCs. In addition to ORR which limits the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells, DMFCs are also limited by the efficiency of catalysts in MOR. While DMFCs and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) each use ORR catalysts at the cathode, MOR commonly requires an overpotential 300-400 mV greater than the hydrogen oxidation reaction. DMFCs typically use Pt-Ru as MOR catalysts to limit overpotential losses. Pt is effective at adsorbing methanol and partially oxidizing methanol through a number of intermediates, but is prone to carbon monoxide poisoning. Ru is typically added to provide hydroxide by hydrolysis at a lower potential than possible on Pt, lowering the methanol and carbon monoxide oxidation step through a bifunctional effect. 2-4Pt-Ni systems have been investigated as potential MOR catalysts, where they have shown promise in density functional theory calculations. Mavrikakis et al. and Rossmeisl et al. studied mono-and bi-metallic materials for MOR, and calculated that Pt-Ni alloys, as terraces or steps gave MOR onset potentials comparable to Pt-Ru alloys. [5][6][7] In experimental practice, the development of Pt-Ni alloy MOR catalysts has shown mixed results. The majority of acidic MOR studies on Pt-Ni alloys have focused on carbon-supported nanoparticles (on occasion unsupported) or electrodeposited films, finding an improvement to the peak activity, a shift in the onset to a lower potential, or improved activity in potential holds compared to carbonsupported Pt nanoparticles or Pt films. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Pt-Ni or Pt-Ni-Ru alloys have also shown improved activity compared to Pt-Ru nanoparticles or films.14-17 Pt-Ni alloys, or the inclusion of Ni oxide, have also...

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Pt–NiO/C anode electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells

Cited by 82 publications

References 73 publications

Influence of nanostructured ceria support on platinum nanoparticles for methanol electrooxidation in alkaline media

Influence of nanostructured ceria support on platinum nanoparticles for methanol electrooxidation in alkaline media

Ni nanoparticle modified graphite electrode for methanol electrocatalytic oxidation in alkaline media

Platinum Nickel Nanowires as Methanol Oxidation Electrocatalysts

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