Pt, Re and Pt–Re incorporation in sulfated zirconia as catalysts for n-pentane isomerization

ZrO2/SO42−/Cu as a Multifunctional, Durable, Efficient, and Heterogeneous Recoverable Inorgano‐Nanocatalyst for the Green Preparation of Quinolines

“…Note to the presence of two catalytic active sites in ZrO 2 /SO 4 2− /Cu, so a synergetic effect could be imagined for this catalyst arising from Cu sites, Zr sites, sulfate groups, and coordinated water . A plausible structure for the catalyst was sketched in Scheme , that was in agreement with the characterization data as well as proposed structures in the literature …”

“…The morphology and shape of ZrO 2 /SO 4 2− /Cu NPs was studied by SEM and TEM techniques. The SEM photographs represent an irregularly shaped amorphous morphology that could be arising from the expected agglomeration in the activated ZrO 2 /SO 4 2− by inclusion of transition metals (Figure a,b) . By comparison with their TEM images (Figure c,d), this agglomeration is more clearly shown.…”

“…By comparison with their TEM images (Figure c,d), this agglomeration is more clearly shown. According to Figure d, the particles have an average size of 15 nm, that are larger than the inactivated ZrO 2 /SO 4 2− with an average size of 6–10 nm …”

“…The third weigh loss at temperature span 530–665 °C is related to the oxidation of copper and formation of CuO . The weight loss appeared at temperature range of 680–860 °C is due to the decomposition of sulfate as well as structural OH − groups …”

Effect of phosphomolybdic acid on the catalytic behavior of bifunctional Pt‐Cr/nanocrystalline Y zeolite in hydroisomerization of n‐octane

“…Pt is the most researched metal of the isomerization catalysts because of its high activity and stability . However, Pt is expensive, and the use of more economical catalysts with similar properties is desirable . Recent studies of Pt‐Ni bimetallic catalysts supported on H‐BEA zeolite displayed equal or greater catalyst activity than that of monometallic Pt catalysts .…”