PTK2 regulates the UPS impairment via p62 phosphorylation in TDP-43 proteinopathy

Abstract

Therefore, targeting PTK2-TBK1-p62 axis may represent a novel therapeutic intervention for neurodegenerative diseases with TDP-43 proteinopathy.All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.(which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.

Chemerin facilitates intervertebral disc degeneration via TLR4 and CMKLR1 and activation of NF-kB signaling pathway

“…The experimental level of rat tail disc (Co3-4, Co5-6) was located by the digital palpation on the coccygeal vertebrae, and confirmed by counting the vertebrae from the sacral region in a trial radiograph. Needles (21G) were used to puncture the whole layer of AF though the tail skin [56,58]. To make sure the needle won't be punctured too deep, the length of needle was decided according to the AF, and NP dimensions which were measured in the preliminary experiment is about 5 mm.…”

A Comparative Study on Tenant Firms in Beijing Tsinghua University Science Park and Shenzhen Research Institute of Tsinghua University

“…EQL has shown superior performance on D4RL benchmark tasks, however, OptiDICE (Lee et al, 2021), whose learning objective is exactly Eq. ( 2), shows significantly worse performance compared to EQL.…”

“…DICE-based Methods DICE-based methods perform stationary distribution estimation, and many of them have been proposed for off-policy evaluation: DualDICE (Nachum et al, 2019a), GenDICE (Zhang et al, 2019a), GradientDICE (Zhang et al, 2020). Other lines of works consider reinforcement learning: AlgaeDICE (Nachum et al, 2019b), OptiDICE (Lee et al, 2021), CoptiDICE (Lee et al, 2022), f -DVL (Sikchi et al, 2023); offline policy selection: ; offline imitation learning: ValueDICE (Kostrikov et al, 2020), OPOLO (Zhu et al, 2020), IQlearn (Garg et al, 2021), DemoDICE (Kim et al, 2021), SmoDICE ; reward learning: RGM All of these DICE methods are either using true-gradient update or semi-gradient update, while our paper provides a new update rule: orthogonal-gradient update.…”

“…A.2 DISTRIBUTION CORRECTION ESTIMATION DICE algorithms consider RL problems as convex programming problems with linear constraints and then apply Fenchel-Rockfeller duality or Lagrangian duality to transform the problem into a constraint-free formulation Lee et al, 2021). More specifically, consider the following regularized RL problem:…”

“…Directly solving π * is impossible because it's intractable to calculate d π (s, a). However, as shown in Lee et al, 2021), one can consider d π as another variable d in the optimization problem which satisfies Bellman-flow constraints. Then we obtain an optimization problem that's simultaneously about d and π:…”