PtMo Alloy and MoO<sub><i>x</i></sub>@Pt Core−Shell Nanoparticles as Highly CO-Tolerant Electrocatalysts

Liu, Zhufang; Hu, Jenny E.; Wang, Qi; Gaskell, Karen J.; Frenkel, Anatoly I.; Jackson, Gregory S.; Eichhorn, Bryan W.

doi:10.1021/ja901303d

Cited by 171 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…When palladium was locally overgrown on platinum cubes, surface poisoning was reduced during electrocatalytic formic acid oxidation, because the dehydrogenation pathways that produced CO 2 and H 2 were preferred over dehydration pathways that produced CO and H 2 O [9]. A Pt-Mo alloy was recently reported to be a CO-tolerant electrocatalyst [10]. When platinum was overgrown on palladium cores, the resulting dendrites showed improved activity and durability for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape- and Composition-Controlled Pt–Fe–Co Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation

Kim

Lee

2010

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape- and Composition-Controlled Pt–Fe–Co Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation

Kim

Lee

2010

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confidence: 99%

Nanocomposites of Ag₂S and Noble Metals

Yang¹,

Ying²

2011

Angew Chem Int Ed

201

153

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Besides the more conventional hybrid nanomaterials, for example, core-shell, [1][2][3][4] alloy, [5][6][7] and bimetallic heterostructures, [8][9][10][11] there has been increasing interest devoted towards the development of semiconductor-metal nanocomposites that consist of different classes of materials with coherent interfaces. This type of nanostructure combines materials with distinctly different physical and chemical properties to yield a unique hybrid nanosystem with multifunctional capabilities and tunable or enhanced properties that may not be attainable otherwise. [12] The early studies of semiconductor-metal nanocomposites involved different metals (e.g. gold, silver, and platinum) deposited on or doped in TiO 2 powders for photocatalytic applications. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] In these structures, the metal domain induces the charge equilibrium in photoexcited TiO 2 nanocrystals, thus affecting the energetics of the nanocomposites by shifting the Fermi level to more negative potentials. The shift in Fermi level is indicative of improved charge separation in TiO 2 -metal systems and is effective towards enhancing the efficiency of photocatalysis. [20,21] In 2004, Banin and co-workers made a breakthrough in semiconductor-metal nanocomposites.[22] They demonstrated a solution synthesis for nanohybrids by the selective growth of gold tips on the apexes of hexagonal-phase CdSe nanorods at room temperature. The novel nanostructures displayed modified optical properties arising from the strong coupling between the gold and semiconductor components. The gold tips showed increased conductivity and selective chemical affinity for forming self-assembled chains of rods. The architecture of these nanostructures was qualitatively similar to bifunctional molecules such as dithiols, which provide twosided chemical connectivity for self-assembly and for electrical devices and contacting points for colloidal nanorods and tetrapods. These researchers later reported the synthesis of asymmetric semiconductor-metal heterostructures in which gold was grown on one side of CdSe nanocrystalline rods and dots. Theoretical modeling and experimental analysis showed that the one-sided nanocomposites were transformed from the two-sided architectures through a ripening process. [23] Subsequently, various approaches were developed for the synthesis of semiconductor-metal nanocomposites (e.g. ZnO-Ag, [24,25] CdS-Au, [26,27] InAs-Au, [28] TiO 2 -Co, [29] PbSAu, [30][31][32][33][34] Ag 2 S-Au, [35] and semiconductor-Pt systems [36][37][38][39] ) by anisotropic growth of metals on semiconductors through reduction, physical deposition, or photochemistry.We recently presented a general protocol for transferring the transition-metal ions from water to an organic medium using an ethanol-mediated method, which was extended to synthesize a wide variety of heterogeneous semiconductornoble-metal nanocomposites. [40] In another study, we synthesized three different types of semiconductor-Au nanocomposites (CdS-Au, CdSe-Au, and PbS-Au), which d...

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“…Kuttiyiel et al, used XANES and EXAFS to verify the oxidation state of the Ni-core and to check the alloying of Au and Pd in the shell for their 4 nm sized AuPd-shell Ni-core particles [24]. Considerable contributions in this field have also been done by the group of Eichhorn [50][51][52].…”

Section: Absorption Spectroscopiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Determine the Core-Shell Nature in Bimetallic Catalyst Particles?

Westsson

Koper

2014

Catalysts

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Nanometer-sized materials have significantly different chemical and physical properties compared to bulk material. However, these properties do not only depend on the elemental composition but also on the structure, shape, size and arrangement. Hence, it is not only of great importance to develop synthesis routes that enable control over the final structure but also characterization strategies that verify the exact nature of the nanoparticles obtained. Here, we consider the verification of contemporary synthesis strategies for the preparation of bimetallic core-shell particles in particular in relation to potential particle structures, such as partial absence of core, alloying and raspberry-like surface. It is discussed what properties must be investigated in order to fully confirm a covering, pinhole free shell and which characterization techniques can provide such information. Not uncommonly, characterization strategies of core-shell particles rely heavily on visual imaging like transmission electron microscopy. The strengths and weaknesses of various techniques based on scattering, diffraction, transmission and absorption for investigating core-shell particles are discussed and, in particular, cases where structural ambiguities still remain will be highlighted. Our main conclusion is that for particles with extremely thin or mono-layered shells-i.e., structures outside the limitation of most imaging techniques-other strategies, not involving spectroscopy or imaging, are to be employed. We will provide a specific example of Fe-Pt core-shell particles prepared in bicontinuous microemulsion and point out the difficulties that arise in the characterization process of such particles. OPEN ACCESSCatalysts 2014, 4 376

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PtMo Alloy and MoO_x@Pt Core−Shell Nanoparticles as Highly CO-Tolerant Electrocatalysts

Cited by 171 publications

References 20 publications

Shape- and Composition-Controlled Pt–Fe–Co Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation

Shape- and Composition-Controlled Pt–Fe–Co Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation

Nanocomposites of Ag₂S and Noble Metals

How to Determine the Core-Shell Nature in Bimetallic Catalyst Particles?

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PtMo Alloy and MoOx@Pt Core−Shell Nanoparticles as Highly CO-Tolerant Electrocatalysts

Cited by 171 publications

References 20 publications

Shape- and Composition-Controlled Pt–Fe–Co Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation

Shape- and Composition-Controlled Pt–Fe–Co Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation

Nanocomposites of Ag2S and Noble Metals

How to Determine the Core-Shell Nature in Bimetallic Catalyst Particles?

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Product

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PtMo Alloy and MoO_x@Pt Core−Shell Nanoparticles as Highly CO-Tolerant Electrocatalysts

Nanocomposites of Ag₂S and Noble Metals