PTSD and re-offending risk: the mediating role of worry and a negative perception of other people's support

Ardino, Vittoria; Milani, Luca; Blasio, Paola Di

doi:10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.21382

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Evident among many participants were similar reactions to the isolation and loss of freedoms prompting flight rather than fight responses early on. Similar to previous research ( Ardino, Milani, & Di Blasio, 2013 ; Evans, Ehlers, Mezey, & Clark, 2007 ; Wakeling & Barnett, 2011 ), men with their first incarceration were particularly vulnerable to negative ruminating thoughts from which there was little opportunity for respite. Work in masculinities and suicidality ( Oliffe et al, 2017 ) also suggests that social isolation is a significant risk factor for self-harm, and perhaps the prospect of being isolated in the long term heightened participant’s vulnerability.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“Do You Want to Go Forward or Do You Want to Go Under?” Men’s Mental Health in and Out of Prison

et al. 2018

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More than 11 million people are currently imprisoned worldwide, with the vast majority of incarcerated individuals being male. Hypermasculine environments in prison are often tied to men’s health risks, and gathering information about mental health is fundamental to improving prison as well as community services. The purpose of the current study was to describe the connections between masculinities and men’s mental health among prisoners transitioning into and out of a Canadian federal correctional facility. Two focus groups were conducted with a total of 18 men who had recently been released from a federal correctional facility. The focus group interviews were analyzed to inductively derive patterns pertaining to men’s mental health challenges and resiliencies “on the inside” and “on the outside.” Participant’s challenges in prison related to heightened stresses associated with being incarcerated and the negative impact on preexisting mental illness including imposed changes to treatment regimens. Men’s resiliencies included relinquishing aggression and connecting to learn from other men “on the inside.” Mental health challenges “on the outside” included a lack of work skills and finances which increased the barriers that many men experienced when trying to access community-based mental health services. Mental health resiliencies employed by participants “on the outside” included self-monitoring and management to reduce negative thoughts, avoiding substance use and attaining adequate exercise and sleep. The current study findings offer practice and policy guidance to advance the well-being of this vulnerable subgroup of men in as well as out of prison.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“Do You Want to Go Forward or Do You Want to Go Under?” Men’s Mental Health in and Out of Prison

et al. 2018

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“…PTSD may be associated with a risk for repeat victimization, within and outside of the prison system ( 68 ). Moreover, exposure to violence and PTSD has been associated with violent behavior during imprisonment and elevated risks of reoffending afterward ( 69 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Prisoners

Baranyi

Cassidy

Fazel

et al. 2018

Epidemiologic Reviews

162

111

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People involved with criminal justice frequently are exposed to violence and traumatic experiences. This may lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, no review, to our knowledge, has synthetized findings in this setting. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate prevalence rates of PTSD in prison populations. Original studies in which prevalence rates of PTSD in unselected samples of incarcerated people were reported were systematically searched between 1980 and June 2017. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis, and sources of heterogeneity for prespecified characteristics were assessed by meta-regression. We identified 56 samples comprising 21,099 imprisoned men and women from 20 countries. Point prevalence of PTSD ranged from 0.1% to 27% for male, and from 12% to 38% for female prisoner populations. The random-effects pooled point prevalence was 6.2% (95% confidence interval: 3.9, 9.0) in male prisoners and 21.1% (95% confidence interval: 16.9, 25.6) in female prisoners. The heterogeneity between the included studies was very high. Higher prevalence was reported in samples of female prisoners, smaller studies (n < 100), and for investigations based in high-income countries. Existing evidence shows high levels of PTSD among imprisoned people, especially women. Psychosocial interventions to prevent violence, especially against children and women, and to mitigate its consequences in marginalized communities must be improved. Trauma-informed approaches for correctional programs and scalable PTSD treatments in prisons require further consideration.

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“…Previous studies showed that posttraumatic cognitive-affective appraisals such as guilt, self-blame and a general negative view of the self are etiologically important in the development of PTSD after the perpetration of an offense (Crisford et al, 2008;Evans, Ehlers, Mezey, & Clark, 2007). In line with this, there is evidence of a pathway from PTSD, via cognitive factors such as worrying and rumination, to violence and the risk of re-offending (Ardino et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Moreover, a clinically reliable improvement was reached on these appraisals (>50%; Ogles, 2013). This is important because cognitive factors might mediate the pathway between PTSD and re-offending (Ardino et al, 2013). Controlled studies are of course still needed to investigate the specific role of cognitions in PTSD after offending.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PTSD is associated with aggression-related conditions such as substance abuse (McCauley, Killeen, Gros, Brady, & Back, 2012), impulsivity (Tull, Weiss, & McDermott, 2016) and emotion regulation difficulties (Powers, Cross, Fani, & Bradley, 2015). Moreover, there is evidence that in forensic populations, PTSD is associated with an increased risk of anger, aggressive behavior, and criminal recidivism (Ardino, Milani, & Di Blasio, 2013;Foy, Furrow, & McManus, 2011;Sadeh & McNiel, 2015). This is of particular interest for forensic inpatients because forensic treatment is aimed at reducing recidivism (Andrews & Bonta, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in a forensic patient with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) resulting from homicide: a case study

Fleurkens

Hendriks

Minnen

2018

The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology

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PTSD and re-offending risk: the mediating role of worry and a negative perception of other people's support

Cited by 33 publications

References 94 publications

“Do You Want to Go Forward or Do You Want to Go Under?” Men’s Mental Health in and Out of Prison

“Do You Want to Go Forward or Do You Want to Go Under?” Men’s Mental Health in and Out of Prison

Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Prisoners

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in a forensic patient with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) resulting from homicide: a case study

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