Pubertal Development of Sex Differences in Circadian Function: An Animal Model

Lee, Theresa; Hummer, Daniel L.; Jechura, Tammy J.; Mahoney, Megan M.

doi:10.1196/annals.1308.031

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Similarly, in rodents, E2 shortens free-running period length and advances the daily activity onset (2,14,20,36). This response appears to depend on exposure to the appropriate gonadal hormones in development (1,8,28). Ovarian steroids including E2 also modulate circadian gene expression in both central nervous system and the periphery (38,39,65).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Estradiol modulates recovery of REM sleep in a time-of-day-dependent manner

Schwartz

Mong

2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Ovarian hormones are thought to modulate sleep and fluctuations in the hormonal milieu are coincident with sleep complaints in women. In female rats, estradiol increases waking and suppresses sleep. In this study, we asked whether this effect is mediated via circadian or homeostatic regulatory mechanisms. Ovariectomized female rats received daily injections of estradiol benzoate (EB) or sesame oil that mimicked the rapid increase and subsequent decline of circulating estradiol at proestrus. In one experiment, animals were sleep deprived for 6 h starting at lights-on, so that recovery began in the mid-light phase; in the second experiment, animals were sleep deprived starting in the mid-light phase, so that recovery began at lights-off. EB suppressed baseline rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep and increased waking in the dark phase. In both experiments, EB enhanced REM recovery in the light phase while suppressing it in the dark compared with oil; this effect was most pronounced in the first 6 h of recovery. By contrast, NREM recovery was largely unaffected by EB. In summary, EB enhanced waking and suppressed sleep, particularly REM sleep, in the dark under baseline and recovery conditions. These strong temporally dependent effects suggest that EB consolidates circadian sleep-wake rhythms in female rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Estradiol modulates recovery of REM sleep in a time-of-day-dependent manner

Schwartz

Mong

2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…In the future, it will be of interest to determine the mechanism driving GDX-induced changes in the relationship between Per expression and phase shifts, in both time and space. This is particularly important considering the effects of gonadal hormones on numerous measures of circadian function that have been reported in a number of different species in both adulthood and adolescents, including nocturnal hamsters (Mesocritus auratus) (48 -50) and the diurnal rodent Octodon degus (51)(52)(53)(54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgens Modulate Structure and Function of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Brain Clock

et al. 2011

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Gonadal hormones can modulate circadian rhythms in rodents and humans, and androgen receptors are highly localized within the core region of the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) brain clock. Although androgens are known to modulate neural plasticity in other CNS compartments, the role of androgens and their receptors on plasticity in the SCN is unexplored. In the present study, we ask whether androgens influence the structure and function of the mouse SCN by examining the effects of gonadectomy (GDX) on the structure of the SCN circuit and its responses to light, including induction of clock genes and behavioral phase shifting. We found that after GDX, glial fibrillary acidic protein increased with concomitant decreases in the expression of the synaptic proteins synaptophysin and postsynaptic density 95. We also found that GDX exerts effects on the molecular and behavioral responses to light that are phase dependent. In late night [circadian time (CT)21], GDX increased light-induced mPer1 but not mPer2 expression compared with intact (INT) controls. In contrast, in early night (CT13.5), GDX decreased light induced mPer2 but had no effect on mPer1. At CT13.5, GDX animals also showed larger phase delays than did INT. Treatment of GDX animals with the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone restored glial fibrillary acidic protein, postsynaptic density 95, and synaptophysin in the SCN and reinstated the INT pattern of molecular and behavioral responses to light. Together, the results reveal a role for androgens in regulating circuitry in the mouse SCN, with functional consequences for clock gene expression and behavioral responses to photic phase resetting stimuli.

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“…A number of gender differences exist in human circadian rhythms (reviewed in Lee et al, 2004). However, whether young adults show gender differences in the sleep-wake cycle-a fundamental circadian rhythm that is, in part, controlled by the circadian clock-remains equivocal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gender Differences in Polysomnographic Sleep in Young Healthy Sleepers

Goel

Kim

Lao

2005

Chronobiology International

126

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Middle-aged and elderly populations exhibit gender differences in polysomnographic (PSG) sleep; however, whether young men and women also show such differences remains unclear. Thirty-one young healthy sleepers (16 men and 15 women, aged 18 to 30 yr, mean+/-SD, 20.5+/-2.4 yr) completed 3 consecutive overnight sessions in a sleep laboratory, after maintaining a stable sleep-wake cycle for 1 wk before study entry. Standard PSG sleep and self-rated sleepiness data were collected each night. Across nights, women showed better sleep quality than men: they fell asleep faster (shorter sleep onset latency) and had better sleep efficiency, with more time asleep and less time awake (all differences showed large effect sizes, d=0.98 to 1.12). By contrast, men were sleepier than women across nights. Both men and women demonstrated poorer overall sleep quality on the first night compared with the subsequent 2 nights of study. We conclude young adult healthy sleepers show robust gender differences in PSG sleep, like older populations, with better sleep quality in women than in men. These results highlight the importance of gender in sleep and circadian rhythm research studies employing young subjects and have broader implications for women's health issues relating to these topics.

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Pubertal Development of Sex Differences in Circadian Function: An Animal Model

Cited by 39 publications

References 41 publications

Estradiol modulates recovery of REM sleep in a time-of-day-dependent manner

Estradiol modulates recovery of REM sleep in a time-of-day-dependent manner

Androgens Modulate Structure and Function of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Brain Clock

Gender Differences in Polysomnographic Sleep in Young Healthy Sleepers

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