Puberty in the Female and Its Disorders

Rosenfield, Robert L.; Cooke, David W.; Radovick, Sally

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-62520-3.00016-6

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 1,004 publications

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“…Leptin levels are positively related to adiposity and negatively related to testosterone levels. Additionally, blood leptin levels differ across the sexes through puberty to reach higher levels in girls than in boys (24)(25)(26). This would explain why BMI does not increase in boys as much as it does in girls during CPP treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do GnRH Agonists Really Increase Body Weight Gain? Evaluation of a Multicentric Portuguese Cohort of Patients With Central Precocious Puberty

et al. 2022

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IntroductionThere are several concerns associated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment for central precocious puberty (CPP), such as obesity and changes in body mass index (BMI). We aimed to investigate whether any anthropometric differences exist and if they persist over time.MethodsWe conducted an observational study of Portuguese children (both sexes) diagnosed with CPP between January 2000 and December 2017, using a digital platform, in order to analyze the influence of GnRHa treatment on BMI-SD score (BMI-SDS).ResultsOf the 241 patients diagnosed with CPP, we assessed 92 patients (8% boys) in this study. At baseline, 39% of the patients were overweight. BMI-SDS increased with treatment for girls but then diminished 1 year after stopping GnRHa therapy (p = 0.018). BMI-SDS variation at the end of treatment was negatively correlated with BMI-SDS at baseline (p < 0.001). Boys grew taller and faster during treatment than did girls (p < 0.001), and therefore, their BMI-SDS trajectory might be different.ConclusionsThis study showed an increase of body weight gain during GnRHa treatment only in girls, which reversed just 1 year after stopping treatment. The overall gain in BMI-SDS with treatment is associated with baseline BMI-SDS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do GnRH Agonists Really Increase Body Weight Gain? Evaluation of a Multicentric Portuguese Cohort of Patients With Central Precocious Puberty

et al. 2022

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“…The decapeptide known as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is produced from a neuronal network primarily in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) area of the hypothalamus, and is known to be under both genetic and environmental influences [19]. What was initially referred to in the 1950s as the "gonadostat" is now accepted to be a complex interplay of numerous factors on the GnRH network, commonly referred to as the "GnRH pulse generator" [1]. The neuroendocrine control of this network as well as its genetic and epigenetic influences result in the suppression of GnRH during childhood and subsequent activation of its release at the onset of puberty.…”

Section: Physiology Of Normal Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A bone age radiograph is indicated and is typically found to be advanced compared to chronological age. Bone age advancement that is disproportionate to height predicts compromised height potential or that is more than 20% greater than height age suggests an excess of sex hormones, and is an indication for a more extensive investigation to determine the cause of the precocity [1]. Additionally, pelvic ultrasound in girls may show enlarged ovarian volumes and uterine changes consistent with pubertal morphology to support the diagnosis.…”

Section: Diagnosis and Treatment Of Central Precocious Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Central precocious puberty (CPP) refers to the premature activation of the hypothalamicpituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, resulting in the gonadotropin-dependent production of sex hormones causing the well-known physical changes associated with puberty prior to the accepted age of onset. Although the age cutoffs for onset have been debated since Tanner and Marshall's original definitions of CPP, they are still considered to be thelarche before age 8 years for girls, or gonadarche before age 9 years for boys [1][2][3][4]. The prevalence and incidence of CPP varies greatly depending on the study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Genetics in Central Precocious Puberty: Confirmed and Potential Neuroendocrine Genetic and Epigenetic Contributors and Their Interactions with Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs)

Mucci

Clemente

2022

Endocrines

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Despite the growing prevalence of central precocious puberty (CPP), most cases are still diagnosed as “idiopathic” due to the lack of identifiable findings of other diagnostic etiology. We are gaining greater insight into some key genes affecting neurotransmitters and receptors and how they stimulate or inhibit gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, as well as transcriptional and epigenetic influences. Although the genetic contributions to pubertal regulation are more established in the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) literature, cases of CPP have provided the opportunity to learn more about its own genetic influences. There have been clinically confirmed cases of CPP associated with gene mutations in kisspeptin and its receptor (KISS1, KISS1R), Delta-like noncanonical Notch ligand 1 (DLK1), and the now most commonly identified genetic cause of CPP, makorin ring finger protein (MKRN3). In addition to these proven genetic causes, a number of other candidates continue to be evaluated. After reviewing the basic clinical aspects of puberty, we summarize what is known about the various genetic and epigenetic causes of CPP as well as discuss some of the potential effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on some of these processes.

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“…Mood disorders, depression, and cognitive disorders are rather prevalent in older males with hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome. Various studies previously associated these disorders with testosterone deficiency (3). A prospective study found an increase in the frequency of depression among hypogonadal men during the 2-year follow-up period.…”

Section: Other Conditions Accompanying Hypogonadism With Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the impacts of androgen replacement therapy on genitourinary system symptoms

Düğeroğlu¹

2022

J. Transl. Pract. Med.

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Although mesterolone is a very old molecule, it is an androgen preparation whose biological effects are not well understood. It has important advantages over other androgens such as not having liver toxicity, not aromatizing to estrogen, not suppressing gonadotropins, and undetectable toxic dose. By binding to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with high affinity, it increases free testosterone fractions and suppresses SHBG levels. It has anti-estrogenic effects. It has been used in infertility as it increases the sperm count and partial benefits have been shown. In addition, its effects on the prostate, lipid profile, and metabolic parameters have not been studied sufficiently. It is expected to have a neutral effect on the prostate, as it has a similar effect to dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

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Puberty in the Female and Its Disorders

Cited by 19 publications

References 1,004 publications

Do GnRH Agonists Really Increase Body Weight Gain? Evaluation of a Multicentric Portuguese Cohort of Patients With Central Precocious Puberty

Do GnRH Agonists Really Increase Body Weight Gain? Evaluation of a Multicentric Portuguese Cohort of Patients With Central Precocious Puberty

The Role of Genetics in Central Precocious Puberty: Confirmed and Potential Neuroendocrine Genetic and Epigenetic Contributors and Their Interactions with Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs)

Exploring the impacts of androgen replacement therapy on genitourinary system symptoms

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