Public and Private Sector Dynamics in Scaling Up Rice Fortification

Tsang, Becky L.; Moreno, Ralfh; Dabestani, Nazila; Pachón, Helena; Spohrer, Rebecca; Milani, Peiman

doi:10.1177/0379572116646897

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, growing interest in the inclusion of fortified rice in social safety nets, and growing government interest in developing voluntary and mandatory fortification policies have led to increased consolidation of the rice value chain in a few countries. While the increased cost to fortify rice is context-specific, it is estimated that there is a 1-10% increase over the cost of non-fortified rice, which is expected to decrease through economies of scale [63][64][65]. Biofortification of rice is another alternative to improve the nutritional value of rice, but it faces its own challenges in commercialization and mitigating against negative public perceptions of genetically modified foods, even for strains of biofortified rice that are not genetically modified.…”

Section: Product Innovationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Unfinished Agenda for Food Fortification in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Quantifying Progress, Gaps and Potential Opportunities

et al. 2020

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Large-scale food fortification (LSFF) is a cost-effective intervention that is widely implemented, but there is scope to further increase its potential. To identify gaps and opportunities, we first accessed the Global Fortification Data Exchange (GFDx) to identify countries that could benefit from new fortification programs. Second, we aggregated Fortification Assessment Coverage Toolkit (FACT) survey data from 16 countries to ascertain LSFF coverage and gaps therein. Third, we extended our narrative review to assess current innovations. We identified 84 countries as good candidates for new LSFF programs. FACT data revealed that the potential of oil/ghee and salt fortification is not being met due mainly to low coverage of adequately fortified foods (quality). Wheat, rice and maize flour fortification have similar quality issues combined with lower coverage of the fortifiable food at population-level (<50%). A four-pronged strategy is needed to meet the unfinished agenda: first, establish new LSFF programs where warranted; second, systems innovations informed by implementation research to address coverage and quality gaps; third, advocacy to form new partnerships and resources, particularly with the private sector; and finally, exploration of new fortificants and vehicles (e.g. bouillon cubes; salt fortified with multiple nutrients) and other innovations that can address existing challenges.

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Section: Product Innovationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Unfinished Agenda for Food Fortification in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Quantifying Progress, Gaps and Potential Opportunities

et al. 2020

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“…For rice challenges were one of social marketing as fortified rice is a niche market with very little coverage in Brazil. Though overall household coverage was higher with voluntary fortification the spray technology employed has not been tested and thus the efficacy of fortification has been questioned [30]. Millers in Columbia were also unwilling to switch to more proven methods because of the costs involved (i.e., extrusion or coating) [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where voluntarily fortification has taken place, this has often resulted in a failure to reach scale/target groups [30]. For example, in Ireland, though voluntary fortification had been used to increase the amount of folic acid (added to yogurt and breakfast cereals) in the Irish diet to target women of childbearing age who are more at risk, intake was lower among them [26].…”

Section: Fortification Of Staple Crops Complementary Foods and Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which Choice of Delivery Model(s) Works Best to Deliver Fortified Foods?

2019

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Micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) occur as a result of insufficient intake of minerals and vitamins that are critical for body growth, physical/mental development, and activity. These deficiencies are particularly prevalent in lower-and middle-income countries (LMICs), falling disproportionately on the poorest and most vulnerable segments of the society. Dietary diversity is considered the most effective method in reducing this deficiency but is often a major constraint as most foods rich in micronutrients are also expensive and thereby inaccessible to poorer members of society. In recent years, affordable commodities such as staple foods (e.g., cereals, roots, and tubers) and condiments (e.g., salt and oil) have been targeted as “vehicles” for fortification and biofortification. Despite efforts by many countries to support such initiatives, there have been mixed experiences with delivery and coverage. An important but little understood driver of success and failure for food fortification has been the range of business models and approaches adopted to promote uptake. This review examines the different models used in the delivery of fortified food including complementary foods and biofortified crops. Using a keyword search and pearl growing techniques, the review located 11,897 texts of which 106 were considered relevant. Evidence was found of a range of business forms and models that attempt to optimise uptake, use, and impact of food fortification which are specific to the ‘food vehicle’ and environment. We characterise the current business models and business parameters that drive successful food fortification and we propose an initial structure for understanding different fortification business cases that will offer assistance to future designers and implementors of food fortification programmes.

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“…In some markets, one may need to account for illegal contraband products that are entering the market but would not be captured in official data on imports. 12 The product supply is an estimate for the quantity of the product that is being used by consumers in a defined area for a defined time period. Thus, the model assumes that all sales or distribution that occur in the defined area (a1) or all product volume that is available in the defined area (a2) directly translate into product use by consumers in that area.…”

Section: A Av Vailable Ailable/ /A Ac Ccessible Cessible For For Use Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating reach of social impact products: A model to standardize the calculation of product reach in data-scarce settings

Jungjohann

Carnahan

Milani

et al. 2019

Journal of Global Health Reports

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Back Background ground Social impact interventions often involve the introduction of a product intended to create positive impact. Program decision makers need data to routinely review product delivery as well as predict potential outcomes and impact to optimize intervention plans and allocate resources effectively. We propose a novel model to support data-driven decision-making in data and budget-constrained settings and use of routine monitoring to ensure progress towards program outcomes and impact. Methods Methods We present a complete model to estimate product reach of durable and fast-moving consumer products, which includes required inputs, potential data sources, formulas, trade-offs, and assumptions. R Results esults We illustrate the use of the model by applying it to the case study of fortified rice introduction in Brazil and estimate that the intervention, which aimed to improve nutrition status and health outcomes reached 2.4 million consumers. C Conclusions onclusions The model can cover a broad range of social-purpose interventions that involve the introduction or scale-up of various types of consumer products. It provides a relatively simple, comprehensive, flexible, and usable framework to estimate product reach, an indicator that can be an input into impact estimates or, in many scenarios, the actual endpoint of the intervention.

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Public and Private Sector Dynamics in Scaling Up Rice Fortification

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

The Unfinished Agenda for Food Fortification in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Quantifying Progress, Gaps and Potential Opportunities

The Unfinished Agenda for Food Fortification in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Quantifying Progress, Gaps and Potential Opportunities

Which Choice of Delivery Model(s) Works Best to Deliver Fortified Foods?

Estimating reach of social impact products: A model to standardize the calculation of product reach in data-scarce settings

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