Public and private spending for environmental protection: a cross‐country policy analysis

Pearce, David; Palmer, Charles

doi:10.1111/j.1475-5890.2001.tb00048.x

Cited by 80 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Although observed empirically from non-market valu-ation studies, this could be seen as difficult to reconcile with the evidence from national environmental expenditures and how these respond to changes in GNP. The share of environmental expenditure tends to rise with GNP (McFadden and Leonard 1993), and the elasticity of this relationship is typically above one (e.g., estimated at 1.2 for the European Union countries; Pearce and Palmer 2001). In this light, our finding of a non-constant income elasticity of WTP is reassuring-as noted by Haneman (1996), elasticities which are non-constant over ranges of income make it possible to reconcile the observed income elasticities of WTP below one with national expenditure elasticities greater than unity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Income Elasticity of the Willingness to Pay for Pollution Control Constant?

Barbier

Czajkowski

Hanley

2016

Environ Resource Econ

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How willingness to pay for environmental quality changes as incomes rise is a central question in several areas of environmental economics. This paper explores both theoretically and empirically whether or not the willingness to pay (WTP) for pollution control varies with income. Our model indicates that the income elasticity of the marginal WTP for pollution reduction is only constant under very restrictive conditions. Our empirical analysis tests the null hypothesis that the elasticity of the WTP for pollution control with respect to income is constant, employing a multi-country contingent valuation study of eutrophication reduction in the Baltic Sea. Our findings reject this hypothesis, and estimate an income elasticity of the WTP for eutrophication control of 0.1-0.2 for low-income respondents and 0.6-0.7 for high-income respondents. Thus, our empirical results suggest that the elasticity is not constant but is always less than one. This has implications for how benefits transfer exercises, and for theoretical explanations of the environmental Kuznets curve.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Income Elasticity of the Willingness to Pay for Pollution Control Constant?

Barbier

Czajkowski

Hanley

2016

Environ Resource Econ

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“…Many companies spend a great deal on controlling and reducing environmental damage (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2007;Pearce & Palmer, 2001). Yet this approach, like tax-and-spend, also involves swimming against the tide.…”

Section: Beyond "Just Say No"mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Business Models for Biodiversity Conservation

Bishop

Kapila

Hicks

et al. 2009

Journal of Sustainable Forestry

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New financing mechanisms for tropical forest conservation, based on payments for ecosystem services, often involve the development of new business models. Suppliers of ecosystem services may include existing land users (e.g., farmers, foresters, tourism operators) or new business ventures (e.g., carbon accountants and traders, conservation bankers). Developing viable business models for biodiversity conservation is a major challenge, due to: the complexity of biodiversity itself (i.e., genes, species, and ecosystems, many still undocumented); the various linkages between business and biodiversity (which may be an economic input, output, competing resource use, or victim of pollution); insufficient consensus on biodiversity conservation priorities and performance indicators applicable at the enterprise level; weak or missing property rights, liability regimes, and/or incentive measures to penalize biodiversity loss and reward conservation effort; and concerns about potential adverse social impacts. This study presents a synthesis of experience across a range of sectors to develop more sustainable business models for biodiversity conservation, identifies key success factors, and outlines a new approach to building a biodiversity business that combines policy innovation, business development assistance, and financial support.

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“…However, there are serious restrictions with regard to data availability. Although the OECD compiles data on environmental expenditures, their quality is low due to a large share of missing values and other inconsistencies (Pearce and Palmer, , p. 403). In addition, no information is provided regarding the share of expenditure directly allocated to the agencies in charge of monitoring and enforcement.…”

Section: Measurement Of the Dependent Variables In The Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Monitoring and Enforcement in Europe: A Review of Empirical Research

Tosun

2012

Env Pol Gov

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Environmental concerns have been moving up on the agendas of policy makers in industrialized states, mostly involving debates about the stringency of environmental regulation. There are, however, two sides to environmental regulation that deserve attention. On the one side, there are factors that affect the definition of environmental law. On the other side, laws cannot clean up the environment unless they are properly monitored and enforced by governments and their responsible agencies. Comparatively scant attention has been paid by political scientists to this latter aspect. This article addresses the issue of environmental monitoring and enforcement and reviews the empirical research on European states. While there is some promising research on individual states, cumulative knowledge is hampered by the limited number of comparative empirical assessments. The main reason for this deficit, however, can be seen in difficulties regarding measurement and data availability. Inspired by the reviewed literature, the article suggests a measurement that takes into account changes in the legal competences of the agencies responsible, which might be helpful in overcoming the impediment to comparative analysis. Yet improving our insights by means of comparison is only one of several points that constitute the research agenda with respect to the study of environmental monitoring and enforcement in Europe. Thus, another contribution of this article is the identification of promising avenues for future research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment

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Public and private spending for environmental protection: a cross‐country policy analysis

Cited by 80 publications

References 41 publications

Is the Income Elasticity of the Willingness to Pay for Pollution Control Constant?

Is the Income Elasticity of the Willingness to Pay for Pollution Control Constant?

New Business Models for Biodiversity Conservation

Environmental Monitoring and Enforcement in Europe: A Review of Empirical Research

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