Public Expenditure Expansion and Inter-ethnic and Rural-urban Income Disparity

Harun, Mukaramah; Mat, Siti Hadijah Che; Jalil, Ahmad Zafarullah Abdul

doi:10.1016/s2212-5671(12)00034-2

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…With the advancements of the internet, the growth of electronic commerce, a product of the internet era, is progressively affecting the economic and social growth of countries worldwide as an emerging economy [41][42][43]. In China, electronic commerce has tended to significantly facilitate economic growth.…”

Section: Mechanism Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has Electronic Commerce Growth Narrowed the Urban–Rural Income Gap? The Intermediary Effect of the Technological Innovation

Wang

2023

Sustainability

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In the internet era, the development of e-commerce has had an important impact on all aspects of society. Many previous studies focused on the social and economic effects of the development of e-commerce. However, previous studies paid little attention to the impact of e-commerce development on the urban–rural income gap. Here, the influence of electronic commerce growth on the urban–rural income gap is investigated based on Chinese provincial panel data. The result reveals that electronic commerce growth measured by per capita express volume (pair value) can effectively explain the urban–rural income gap, i.e., the income gap between cities and the countryside is reduced with the rise of the electronic commerce growth level after a series of possible factors for the urban–rural income gap (e.g., urbanization rate, industrial proportion, dependency ratio, and human capital) are controlled. In the abovementioned conclusions, the influence of electronic commerce growth on the income gap between cities and the countryside still takes on significance even after the use of the post office number and the mileage of grade roads in 1991 as the instrumental variables of the current electronic commerce growth and the robustness test. The growth of electronic commerce is a vital new approach for adjusting the urban–rural income distribution pattern. The study further reveals that electronic commerce growth does not directly affect the urban–rural income gap by affecting technological innovation. The research results of this study provide a reference for electronic commerce growth and the income distribution of cities and the countryside.

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Section: Mechanism Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has Electronic Commerce Growth Narrowed the Urban–Rural Income Gap? The Intermediary Effect of the Technological Innovation

Wang

2023

Sustainability

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“…Given this background, this study examined the effect of tourist expenditure on the wages and income distribution of urban and rural labor and households in Malaysia. Previous studies such as those by Saari et al (2015), Harun et al (2012a) and Saari et al (2016) also examined the disparities in income distribution by ethnic groups and in the rural-urban divide, through using the SAM method, however, these studies did not address the tourism sector per se.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Tourism Expenditure on the Economy: A New Evidence

2021

JEM

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“…Conversely, this finding is also lower than the study done in Malaysia which is 91.9% and 53.6% of symptoms and risk factors of CRC respectively. 45 This higher score difference might be explained by the fact that information access in Malaysia encompassed in the educational curriculum from nursery through higher secondary education and telemedicine also giving service and application in urban area [54,55].…”

Section: Awareness Of Participants Toward Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of Colorectal Cancer and Associated Factors Among Adult Patients in Jimma, South-West Ethiopia.

Hamza

Argaw

Gela

2020

Preprint

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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the first commonest diagnosed cancer in men and the fourth commonest in women in Ethiopia. The most significant factors that may increase the risk of having CRC were modifiable. However, little is known about the awareness of CRC and associated factors among adult patients in study area. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the awareness of CRC and associated factors among adult patients in Jimma, South-West Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: The institution-based quantitative cross-sectional study design was conducted among 422 patients from March 8 to April 30, 2020. The study participants were recruited by a systematic random sampling method and data was collected semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression was implemented. The statistical level of significance was stated at p-value < 0.05. Result: A 100% response rate in this study was recorded. More than half (57.6%) of the study participants had low awareness of colorectal cancer. Smoking (78.2%) and bloody stool (49.3%) were the most known risk factors and symptoms. There is a significant association between awareness of colorectal cancer with gender, residency, monthly income, level of education, information sources, and heard about CRC. Conclusion: Overall awareness of patients towards CRC was inadequate. Participants with high levels of education and females had better awareness, however; the overall awareness of them was insufficient. Therefore, there is a need for awareness campaigns and health education for promoting colorectal cancer awareness.

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Public Expenditure Expansion and Inter-ethnic and Rural-urban Income Disparity

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Has Electronic Commerce Growth Narrowed the Urban–Rural Income Gap? The Intermediary Effect of the Technological Innovation

Has Electronic Commerce Growth Narrowed the Urban–Rural Income Gap? The Intermediary Effect of the Technological Innovation

The Effect of Tourism Expenditure on the Economy: A New Evidence

Awareness of Colorectal Cancer and Associated Factors Among Adult Patients in Jimma, South-West Ethiopia.

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